Introduction
The shortest path problem (SPP) is one of the most studied problems in the field of operations research. Let G = (V, A) be a directed and weighted graph, where \(C \colon A \rightarrow \mathbb {R}^+ \cup \{0\}\) is a function that assigns a nonnegative length cij to each arc (i, j) ∈ A. The SPP aims at finding an elementary path from a source node s ∈ V to a target node t ∈ V (s ≠ t) that minimizes the cost of the path, which is defined as the sum of the costs of the arcs of the path.
In 1959, [9] proposed the Dijkstra algorithm. Since its contribution, a vast amount of variants have been addressed resulting in the family of the constrained shortest path problem (CSPP). In this class of problems, additional constraints are imposed on the path that must be found. In many cases, traversing an arc entails the consumption of a given resource, and the final path has to respect a maximum resource budget [8].
The shortest path tour problem (SPTP) has been firstly introduced in [
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Di Puglia Pugliese, L., Ferone, D., Festa, P., Guerriero, F. (2023). Shortest Path Tour Problems. In: Pardalos, P.M., Prokopyev, O.A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Optimization. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54621-2_774-1
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