Skip to main content

An Introduction to Purinergic Receptors

  • Chapter
Purinergic Receptors
  • 50 Accesses

  • 94 Citations

Abstract

Adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) was primarily considered as an intracellular energy source for many years. However, during the past fifty years purine nucleotides and nucleosides have been shown to have potent extracellular actions on excitable membranes which may be involved in physiological regulatory processes (Berne, 1963; Burnstock, 1972, 1975, 1979; Baer and Drummond, 1979). While knowledge of purinergic receptors is still in its infancy compared to the voluminous work on the classical adrenergic and cholinergic receptors, much progress is being made on their pharmacological characterisation, the ionic basis of their actions and their biochemical identity. The historical aspects of the purinergic receptor field will be briefly summarised below, while details of their distribution, physiological roles and chemistry will be dealt with in the chapters which follow.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahlquist, R.P. (1948), Am. J. Physiol., 153, 586–600.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ally, I. and Nakatsu, K. (1976), J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 199, 208–215.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ambache, N. and Freeman, M.A. (1968), J. Physiol. London, 199, 705–728.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ambache, N. and Zar, M.A. (1970), J. Physiol. London, 210, 761–783.

    Google Scholar 

  • Axelsson, J., Holmberg, N. and Högberg, G. (1965), Life Sci., 4, 817–821.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baer, H.P. and Drummond, G.I. (eds), (1979), Raven Press, New York, 438 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baer, H.P. and Frew, R. (1979), Brit. J. Pharmacol., 67, 293–299.

    Google Scholar 

  • Banks, B.E.C., Brown, C., Burgess, G.M., Burnstock, G., Claret, M., Cocks, T. and Jenkinson, D.H. (1919), Nature, 282, 415–417.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barsoum, G.S. and Gaddum, J.H. (1935), J. Physiol., London, 85, 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartlet, A.L. (1974), Br. J. Pharmacol., 51, 549–558.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartlett, V., Stewart, R.R. and Nakatsu, K. (1979), Can J. Physiol., 57, 1130–1137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Belardinelli, L., Rubio, R. and Berne, R.M. (1979), Pflügers Arch., 380, 19–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, T.W. and Drury, A.N. (1931), J. Physiol. London, 72, 288–320.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berman, P.H., Balis, M.E. and Dancis, J. (1969), Arch. Neurol., 20, 44–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berne, R.M. (1963), Am. J. Physiol., 204, 317–322.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berne, R.M. (1964), Physiol. Rev., 44, 1–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berne, R.M., Rubio, R. and Curnish, R.R. (1974), Circ. Res., 35, 262–271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bianchi, A., de Natale, G. and Giaquinto, S. (1963), Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther., 145, 498–517.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birnbaumer, I., Nakahara, T. and Yang, R.C. (1974), J. biol. Chem., 249, 7857–7866.

    Google Scholar 

  • Black, J.W., Duncan, W.A.M., Durant, C.J., Ganellin, C.R. and Parsons, E.M. (1972), Nature, 236, 385–390.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blume, A.J. and Foster, C.F. (1975), J. biol. Chem., 250, 5003–5009.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boettge, K., Jaeger, K.H. and Mittenzwei, H. (1951), Arzneim. Forsch., 7, 24–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Branisteanu, D.D., Haulica, I.D., Proca, B. and Nhue, B.G. (1979), Naunyn-Schmiedeberg, Arch. Pharmakol., 308, 273–279.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braun, S. and Levitzki, A. (1979), Isr. J. Med. Sct., 15, 82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, C., Burnstock, G. and Cocks, T. (1979), Br. J. Pharmacol., 65, 97–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buchthal, F. and Kahlson, G. (1944), Acta Physiol. Scand., 8, 325–334.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckle, P.J. and Spence, I. (1979), Proc. Aust. Physiol. Pharm. Soc., 10, 268P.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bunday, P.V., Carr, C.J. and Miya, T.S. (1961), J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 13, 290–299.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bünger, R., Haddy, F.J. and Gerlach, E. (1975), Pflügers Arch., 358, 213–224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burgess, H.M., Claret, M. and Jenkinson, D.H. (1979), Nature, 279, S44–S46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burnstock, G. (1969), Pharmacol. Rev., 21, 247–324.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burnstock, G. (1971), Nature, 229, 282–283.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burnstock, G. (1972), Pharmacol. Rev., 24, 509–581.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burnstock, G. (1975), In: Handbook of Psychopharmacology, Vol. 5, Synaptic Modulators, (Iversen, L.L., Iversen, S.D. and Snyder, S.H., eds.), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 131–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burnstock, G. (1976), J. theoret. Biol., 62, 491–503.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burnstock, G. (1978), In: Cell Membrane Receptors for Drugs and Hormones: A Multidisciplinary Approach, (Straub, R.W. and Bolis, L., eds.), Raven Press, New York, pp. 107–118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burnstock, G. (1979), In: Physiological and Regulatory Functions of Adenosine and Adenine Nucleotides, (Baer, H.P. and Drummond, G.I., eds.), Raven Press, Newy York, pp. 3–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burnstock, G. (1980a), In: Cardiovascular Receptors: Molecular, Pharmacological and Therapeutic Aspects, (Korner, P., ed.), Circul. Res. 46, Suppl. 1, 175–182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burnstock, G. (1980b), In: Handbook of Physiology, Sec. 2, The Cardiovascular System, Vol. II Vascular Smooth Muscle, (Bohr, D.F., Somlyo, A.D., Sparks, H.W. and Geiger, S.R., eds.), Am. Physiol. Soc. Waverly Press, Baltimore, pp. 567–612.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burnstock, G., Campbell, G., Bennett, M. and Holman, M.E. (1964), Int. J. Neuropharmac., 3, 163–166.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burnstock, G., Campbell, G., Satchell, D. and Smythe, A. (1970), Br. J. Pharmacol., 40, 668–688.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burnstock, G., Cocks, T. and Crowe, R. (1978), Br. J. Pharmacol., 64, 13–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burnstock, G., Cocks, T., Crowe, R. and Kasakov, L. (1978), Br. J. Pharmacol., 63, 125–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burnstock, G., Cocks, T., Paddle, B.M. and Staszewska-Barczak, J. (1975), Eur. J. Pharmacol., 31, 360–362.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burnstock, G., Crowe, R. and Wong, H.K. (1979), Br. J. Pharmacol., 65, 377–388.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burnstock, G., Dumsday, B.H. and Smythe, A. (1972a), Br. J. Pharmacol., 44, 451–461.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burnstock, G., Satchell, D.G. and Smythe, A. (1972b), Br. J. Pharmacol., 46, 234–242.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, G., (1970), In: Smooth Muscle, (Bülbring, E., Brading, A., Jones, A. and Tomita, T., eds.), Edward Arnold, London, pp. 451–495.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chahl, L.A. (1979), J. Pharm. Pharmac., 31, 189–191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaudry, I.H., Sayeed, M.M. and Baue, A.E. (1974), Surgery, 75, 220–227.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaudry, I.H., Sayeed, M.M. and Baue, A.E. (1977), Am. J. Physiol., 233, R83–R88).

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiba, S. and Himori, N. (1915), Jap. J. Pharm., 25, 489–491.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clanachan, A.S., Johns, A. and Paton, W.D. (1977), Neuroscience, 2, 597–602.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clard, L.A., Small, R.C. and Turnbull, M.J. (1919), Br. J. Pharmacol., 69, 331 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, R.B., Gross, R., Su, Y.F. and Perkins, J.P. (1974), J. biol. Chem., 249, 5296–5303.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, R.B. and Seney, M.N. (1976), J. biol. Chem., 251, 4239–4246.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cocks, T., Crowe, R. and Burnstock, G. (1979), Eur. J. Pharmacol., 54, 261–271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, R.A. (1976), Br. J. Pharmacol., 57, 51–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Colin, D. and Leray, C. (1977), Cr. Ac. Sci. D., 284, 1191–1194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cotterrel, D. and Karin, F. (1979), J. Physiol., London, 290, 47P.

    Google Scholar 

  • Creed, K.E., Gillespie, J.S. and McCaffery, H. (1977), J. Physiol. London, 273, 121–135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Creed, K.E., Gillespie, J.S. and Muir, T.C. (1975), J. Physiol., London, 245, 33–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cross, R.B., and Gimlette, T.M.D. (1967), J. Physiol., London, 189, 43P–44P.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cusack, N.J. and Born, G.V.R. (1977), Proc. Roy. Soc., London, 197, 515–520.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dahlquist, R. and Diamant, B. (1970), Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol., 28, Suppl. 1, 43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daly, J. (1977), In: Cyclic Nucleotides in the Nervous System, Plenum Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daniel, E.E. and Irwin, J. (1965), Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 43, 89–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, J.S., Al-Hassani, M., Crowe, R. and Burnstock, G. (1978), Pflüg. Arch., 377, 43–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dean, D.M. and Downie, J.W. (1978), Prostaglandin, 16, 245–251.

    Google Scholar 

  • Decarle, D.J. and Christensen, J. (1976), Ann. Int. Med., 84, 220–221.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Groat, W.C. and Theobald, R.J. (1976), J. Physiol., London, 259, 223–237.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Gubareff, T. and Sleator, W. (1965), J. Pharmac. exp. Therap., 148, 202–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Mey, J., Burnstock, G. and Vanhoutte, P.M. (1979), Eur. J. Pharmacol., 55, 401–405.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deuticke, H.J. (1932), Pflügers Arch., 230, 537–555.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diamant, B. and Krüger, P.G. (1967), Acta Physiol. Scand., 71, 291–302.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dobson, J.G. (1978), Circulation Res., 43, 785–792.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dozi-Vassiliades, J., Tsiamitas, C. and Kokolis, N. (1976), Prostaglandin, 12, 515–524.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drury, A.N. and Szent-György, A. (1929), J. Physiol., London, 68, 213–237.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duell, E.A. (1979), J. mol. Pharmacol., in press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duran, W.N. (1977), Circulation Res., 41, 642–647.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eccles, J.C. (1964), In: The Physiology of Synapses, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 316 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edstrom, J.P. and Phillis, J.W. (1976), Can. J. Physiol., 54, 787–790.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eikens, E. and Wilcken, D.E.L. (1913), Ajebak, 51, 631–642.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emmelin, N. and Feldberg, W. (1948), Br. J. Pharm. Chemother., 3, 273–284.

    Google Scholar 

  • Enero, M.A. and Saidman, B.O. (1977), Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmakol., 297, 39–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, R.G., Forrester, T. and Mueller, H.S. (1978), J. Physiol., London, 276, 70P.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ewing, P.L., Schlenk, F. and Emerson, G.A. (1949), J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 97, 379–383.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fain, J.N. and Malbon, C.C. (1979), Mol. cell Biochem., 25, 143–169.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fain, J.N., Pointer, R.H. and Ward, W.F. (1972), J. biol. Chem., 247, 6866–6872.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farmer, J.B. and Farrar, D.G. (1976), J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 28, 748–752.

    Google Scholar 

  • Filkins, J.P. and Buchanan, B.J. (1977), Circulation Shock., 4, 253–258.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flitney, F.W., Lamb, J.F. and Singh, J. (1977), J. Physiol., London, 273, 50–52P.

    Google Scholar 

  • Folkow, B. (1949), Acta physiol. scand., 17, 311–316.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forrester, T., Harper, A.M., Mackenzie, E.T. and Thomson, E.M. (1979), J. Physiol., London, 296, 343–355.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forrester, T. and Lind, A.R. (1969), J. Physiol., London, 204, 347–364.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fredholm, B.B. (1974), Acta physiol. scand., 90, 226–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fredholm, B.B. (1977), Medical Biology, 55, 262–267.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fredholm, B.B., Sandberg, G. and Ernstrom, U. (1978), Biochem. Pharmacol., 27, 2675–2682.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frew, R. and Baer, H.P. (1979), J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 211, 525–530.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fujita, S., Ishida, Y., Izumi, K., Moritoki, H., Ohara, M. and Takei, M. (1980), Br. J. Pharmacol., 68, 343–349.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furchgott, R.F. (1966), Bull. N. Y. Acad. Med., 42, 996–1006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furchgott, R.F. (1910), Fed. Proc, 29, 1352–1361.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furness, J.B. and Costa, M. (1973), Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc., 265, 123–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaddum, J.H. and Holtz, P. (1933), J. Physiol., London, 77, 139–158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galindo, A., Krnjevic, K. and Schwartz, S. (1967), J. Physiol., London, 192, 359–377.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gangarosa, L.P., Hubbard, W.G., Hung, C.T. and Park, N.H. (1979), Arch. Int. Pharmac. Therap., 238, 114–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giles, R.W. and Wilcken, D.E.L. (1977), Cardio. Res., 11, 113–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gillespie, J.S. (1972), Br. J. Pharmacol., 45, 404–416.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gillespie, J.H. (1934), J. Physiol., London, 80, 345–359.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gillespie, J.S. and McGrath, J.C. (1974), Br. J. Pharmacol., 50, 109–118.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ginsborg, B.L. and Hirst, G.D.S. (1972), J. Physiol., London, 224, 629–645.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ginsborg, B.L., Hirst, G.D.S. and Maizels, J.V. (1973), Br. J. Pharmacol., 47, p. 637.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gintzler, A.R. and Musacchio, J.M. (1975), J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 194, 575–582.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glynn, P. and Cooper, D.M.F. (1978), Biochim. biophys. Acta, 526, 605–612.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goto, M., Yatani, A. and Tsuda, Y. (1977), Jap. J. Physiol., 27, 81–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, H.N. and Stoner, H.B. (1950), Biological actions of the adenine nucleotides, Lewis, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gustafsson, L., Hedquist, P., Fredholm, B.B. and Lundgren, G. (1978), Acta physiol. scand., 104, 469–478.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haddy, F.J. and Scott, J.B. (1968), Physiol. Rev., 48, 688–707.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, O. (1972), Br. J. Psychiatry, 121, 341–350.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harms, H.H., Wardeh, G. and Mulder, A.H. (1978), Eur. J. Pharmacol., 49, 305–308.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harms, H.H., Wardeh, G. and Mulder, A.H. (1979), Neuropharmacology, 18, 577–580.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartzell, H.C. (1979), J. Physiol., London, 293, 23–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hashimoto, K. and Kumakura, S. (1965), Jap. J. Physiol., 540–551.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haslam, R.J. (1975), Biochemistry and Pharmacology of Platelets, Ciba Foundation Symp. 35 (new series), Elsevier/Excerpta Medica/North Holland, Amsterdam, 121–151.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haslam, R.J., Davidson, M.M.L., Davies, T., Lynham, J.A. and McClenagham, M.D. (1978), Adv. Cyclic. Nucleotide Res., 9, 533–552.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haslam, R.J. and Lynham, J.A. (1972), Life Sci., 11, 1143–1154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haslam, R.J. and Rosson, G.M. (1975), Mol. Pharmacol., 11, 528–544.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayashi, E., Mori, M., Yamada, S. and Kunitomo, M. (1978), Eur. J. Pharmacol., 48, 297–307.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedquist, P. and Fredholm, B.B. (1976), Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmakol., 293, 217–223.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedquist, P. and Fredholm, B.B. (1919), Acta, physiol. scand., 105, 120–122.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herlihy, J.T., Bookman, E.L., Berne, R.M. and Rubio, R. (1976), Am. J. Physiol., 230, 1239–1243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirvonen, L., Korobkin, M., Sonnenschnein, R.R. and Wright, D.L. (1964), Circulation Res., 14, 525–529.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hogaboom, G.K., O’Donnell, J.P. and Fedan, J.S. (1980), Science, 208, 1273–1275.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holck, M.I. and Marks, B.H. (1978), J. Pharm. Exp., 205, 104–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hollander, P.B. and Webb, J.L. (1957), Circulation Res., 5, 349–351.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holton, P. (1959), J. Physiol., London, 145, 494–504.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holton, F.A. and Holton, P. (1954), J. Physiol., London, 126, 124–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopkins, S.V. (1973), Biochem. Pharmacol., 22, 335–339.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang, M. and Drummond, G. (1976), Biochem. Pharmacol., 25, 2713–2719.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, W.B., Parsons, D.G., Wahid, A. and Wilkinson, J. (1978), Br. J. Pharmacol., 63, 378–379.

    Google Scholar 

  • Husted, S. and Nedergaard, O.A. (1918), Abst. Int. Cong. Pharmac. Paris, 1978, Pergamon, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iizuka, H., Adachi, K., Halprin, K.M. and Levine, V. (1976), Biochem. biophys. Acta, 444, 685–693.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ismail, N.A., El Denshary, E.S.M. and Montague, W. (1977), Biochem. J., 164, 409–413.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iso, T. (1974), Jap. J. Pharmacol., 24, 797–801.

    Google Scholar 

  • Israel, M. and Meunier, F.M. (1978), J. Physiol, Paris, 74, 485–490.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jager, L.P. (1974), Eur. J. Pharmacol., 25, 372–382.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jakobs, K.H., Saur, W. and Johnson, R.A. (1979), Biochim. biophys. Acta, 583, 409–421.

    Google Scholar 

  • James, T.N. (1965), J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 149, 233–247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenkinson, D.H. and Koller, K. (1977), Br. J. Pharmacol., 59, 163–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jhamandas, K., Nakatsu, K., Downie, J.W., Bartlett, V. and Elliot, J. (1980), Eur. J. Pharmacol., 62, 247–252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johns, A. and Paton, D.M. (1977), Prostaglandin, 13, 245–254.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R.A. and Weiden, J. (1977), Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 183, 216–227.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kakiuchi, S., Rall, T.W. and McIlwain, H. (1969), J. Neurochem., 16, 485–491.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamikawa, Y., Cline, W.H. and Su, C. (1980), Eur. J. Pharmacol., 66, 347–353.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamikawa, Y., Serizawa, K. and Shimo, Y. (1977), Eur. J. Pharmacol., 45, 199–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamikawa, Y. and Shimo, Y. (1976), J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 28, 294–297.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karashima, T. and Takata, Y. (1979), Gen. Pharmacol., 10, 477–487.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kazic, T. and Milosavljevic, D. (1976), Arch. int. Pharmacodyn., 223, 187–195.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kazic, T. and Milosavljevic, D. (1977), J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 29, 542–545.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kjellmer, I. and Odelram, H. (1965), Acta. Physiol. Scand., 63, 94–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klinge, E. and Sjöstrand, N.O. (1975), Acta, Physiol. Scand., Suppl. 420, 1–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kostopoulos, G.K., Limacher, J.J. and Phillis, J.W. (1975), Brain Res., 88 162–165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kostopoulos, G.K. and Phillis, J.W. (1977), Exp. Neurol., 55, 719–724.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kukovetz, W.R., Pöch, G., Holzmann, S., Wurm, A., Rinner, I. (1978), Adv. cyc. nucleot. Res., 9, 397–409.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuroda, Y. (1978), J. Physiol., Paris, 74, 463–470.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lammerant, J. and Becsei, I. (1973), J. Physiol., London, 229, 41–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langley, A.E. and Weiner, N. (1978), J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 205, 426–437.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leclercq, J.F. and Coumel, P. (1978), Coeur Med., I, 17, 541–546.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lekik, D. (1977), Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 55, 1391–1393.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lokhandwala, M.F. (1979), Life Sci., 24, 1823–1832.

    Google Scholar 

  • Londos, C., Cooper, D.M.F., Schlegel, W. and Rodbell, M. (1978), Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 75, 5362–5366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Londos, C. and Wolff, J. (1977), Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 74, 5482–5486.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loubatieres-Mariani, M.M., Chapal, J., Lignon, F. and Valette, G. (1979), Eur. J. Pharmacol., 59, 277–289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luduena, F.P. and Grigas, E.O. (1972), Arch. int. Pharmacodyn., 196, 269–274.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maas, A.J.J. and Den Hertog, A. (1980), Eur. J. Pharmacol., 62, 157–166.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maguire, M.H. and Satchell, D.G. (1979), J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 211, 626–631.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malik, K.U. and McGiff, J.C. (1974), Circulation Res., 35, 553–574.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marone, G., Plaut, M. and Lichtenson, L.M. (1978), J. Immunol., 121, 2153–2159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marquardt, D.L., Parker, C.W. and Sullivan, T.J. (1978), J. Immunol., 120, 871–878.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, G. and Alborch, E. (1979), Blood Vessels, 16, 217–218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maske, R. and Dowdle, E.B. (1979), S. Af. J. Sci., 75, 272.

    Google Scholar 

  • McIlwain, H. (1971), In: Effects of Drugs on Cellular Control Mechanisms, (Rabin, B.R. and Freedman, R.B. eds.), Macmillan, London, pp. 281–302.

    Google Scholar 

  • McIlwain, H. (1972), Biochem. Soc. Sympos., 36, 69–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKay, D. and McKirdy, H.C. (1972), Br. J. Pharmacol., 44, 366P–367P.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKenzie, S.G. and Baer, H.P. (1973), Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 51, 190–196.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKenzie, S.G., Frew, R. and Bäer, H. (1977), Eur. J. Pharmacol., 41, 193–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKirdy, H.C. (1972), J. Physiol., London, 277, 839–853.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merrill, G.F., Haddy, F.J. and Dabney, J.M. (1978), Circulation Res., 42, 225–229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meves, H. (1953), Pflügers Arch. 258, 200–210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michaelis, M.L., Michaelis, E.K. and Myers, S.L. (1979), Life Sci., 24, 2083–2092.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mihich, E., Clarke, D.A. and Philips, F.S. (1954), J Pharmac. exp. Ther., 111, 335–342.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mills, D.C.B. and Smith, J.B. (1971), Biochem. J., 121, 185–196.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moritoki, H., Kanbe, T., Maruoka, M., Ohara, M. and Ishida, Y. (1978), J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 204, 343–350.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moritoki, H., Morita, M. and Kanbe, T. (1976), Eur. J. Pharm., 35, 185–198.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moritoki, H., Takei, M., Kasai, T., Matsumura, Y. and Ishida, Y. (1979), J Pharm. exp. Ther., 211, 104–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moriwaki, K. and Foa, P.P. (1970), Experientia, 26, 22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moulton, R., Spector, W.G. and Willoughby, D.A. (1957), Br. J. Pharmacol. Chemother., 12, 365–370.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moylan, R. and Westfall, T.C. (1977), The Pharmacologist, 19, 240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mueller, A.L., Mosimann, W.F. and Weiner, N. (1979), Eur. J. Pharmacol., 53, 329–333.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muller, M.J. and Paton, D.M. (1919), Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmakol., 306, 23–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Naess, K. and Schanche, S. (1957), Acta Pharmacol. toxicol, 13, 90–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakanishi, H. and Takeda, H. (1972), Jap. J. Pharmacol., 22, 269–270.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nayler, W.G., Price, I.M. and Lowe, T.G. (1967), Cardiov. Res., 1, 63–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Naylor, G.J., Reid, A.H., Dick, D.A.T. and Dick, E.G. (1976), Br. J. Psychiatry, 128, 169–180.

    Google Scholar 

  • Needleman, P., Minkes, M.S. and Douglas, J.R. Jr. (1974), Circulation Res., 34, 455–460.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohga, A. and Taneike, T. (1977), Br. J. Pharmacol., 66, 221–231.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohtaki, Y., Obara, A., Nakanish, H. and Ueda, J. (1977), Jap. J. Pharmacol., 27, 107.

    Google Scholar 

  • Okada, Y. (1975), P. Jap. Acad., 51, 491–494.

    Google Scholar 

  • Okada, Y. and Kuroda, Y. (1975), Proc. Jap. Acad., 51, 491–494.

    Google Scholar 

  • Okada, Y. and Ozawa, S. (1978), 7th Int. Cong. Pharmacology, Paris, p. 124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Okwuasaba, F.K., Hamilton, J.T. and Cook, M.A. (1977b), Eur. J. Pharmacol., 43, 181–194.

    Google Scholar 

  • Okwuasaba, F.K., Hamilton, J.T. and Cook, M.A. (1977a), Eur. J. Pharmacol., 46, 181–198.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olsson, R.A., Snow, J.A. and Gentry, M.K. (1978), Circulation Res., 42, 358–362.

    Google Scholar 

  • Osias, M.B., Siegel, N.J., Chaudry, I.H., Lytton, B. and Baue, A.E. (1977), Arch. Surg, 112, 729–731.

    Google Scholar 

  • Osswald, H., Haas, J.A., Spielman, W.S. and Knox, F.G. (1979), Pflügers. Arch., 379, R. 16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Osswald, H., Spielman, W.S. and Knox, F. (1978), Circulation Res., 43, 465–469.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paddle, B.M. and Burnstock, G. (1974), Blood Vessels, 11, 110–119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, G.C. (1971), Biochim. biophys. Acta, 252, 561–566.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peck, W.A., Carpenter, J. and Messinger, K. (1974), Endocrinol., 94, 148–154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Penit, J., Huot, J. and Jard, S. (1976), J. Neurochem., 26, 265–273.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillis, J.W. and Edstrom, J.P. (1976), Life Sci., 19, 1041–1053.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillis, J.W. and Kirkpatrick, J.R. (1978), Gen. Pharmac., 9, 239–247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillis, J.W., Kostopoulos, G.K., Edstrom, J.P. and Ellis, S.W. (1979), In: Physiological and Regulatory Functions of Adenosine and Adenine Nucleotides, (Baer, H.P. and Drummond, G.I., eds.), Raven Press, New York, pp. 343–359.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillis, J.W., Kostopoulos, G.K. and Limacher, J.J. (1974), Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 52, 1226–1229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Premont, J., Perez, M. and Bockaert, J. (1977), Mol. Pharmacol., 13, 662–670.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pull, I. and McIlwain, H. (1972), Biochem. J., 130, 975–981.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raberger, G., Schütz, W. and Kraupp, O. (1977), Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn., 230, 140–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raberger, G., Schütz, W., Zimpfer, M. and Kraupp, O. (1976), Basic Res. Card., 71, 645–651.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rall, T.W. (1979), In: Physiological and Regulatory Functions of Adenosine and Adenine Nucleotides, (Baer, H.P. and Drummond, G.I., eds.), Raven Press, New York, pp. 217–222.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reddington, M. and Schubert, P. (1979), Neuroscience Letters, 14, 37–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro, J.A. and Dominguez, M.L. (1978), J. Physiol., Paris, 74, 491–496.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro, J.A., Sa-Almeida, A.M. and Namorado, J.M. (1979), Biochem. Pharm., 28, 1297–1300.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro, J.A. and Walker, J. (1973), Br. J. Pharmacol., 49, 724–725.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ribeiro, J.A. and Walker, J. (1975), Br. J. Pharmacol., 54, 213–218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ringswandl, G. and Felix, W. (1978), Proc. 7th Int. Pharm. Congr., Paris, 1978, Pergamon, Oxford, Abst. 1229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, G.A., Butcher, R.W. and Sutherland, E.W. (1967), Ann. NY. Acad. Sci., 139, 703–723.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roch, P.H. and Salamin, A. (1916), Experientia, 32, 1419–1421.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubio, R., Belardinelli, L., Thompson, C.I. and Berne, R.M. (1979), In: Physiological and Regulatory Functions of Adenosine and Adenine Nucleotides, (Baer, H.P. and Drummond, G.I., eds.), Raven Press, New York, pp. 167–182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubio, R., Berne, R.M., Bockman, E.L. and Curnish, R. (1975), Am. J. Physiol., 228, 1896–1902.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rudolph, A.M., Kurland, M.D., Auld, P.A.M. and Paul, M.H. (1959), Am. J. Physiol., 197, 617–623.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saito, M. (1977), Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 498, 316–324.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sakai, K. (1918), Jap. J. Pharmacol., 28, 579–587.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sakai, K. and Akima, M. (1978), Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmakol., 302, 55–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sakai, K., Akima, M. and Nabata, H. (1979), Jap. J. Pharmacol., 29, 235–242.

    Google Scholar 

  • Satchell, D. and Burnstock, G. (1915), Eur. J. Pharmacol., 32, 324–328.

    Google Scholar 

  • Satchell, D.G. and Maguire, M.M. (1975), J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 195, 540–548.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sato, S., Takeuchi, O. and Hashimoto, K. (1972), Tokohu J. exp. Med., 108, 377–388.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sattin, A. and Rall, T.W., (1970), Mol. Pharmacol., 6, 13–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sawynok, J. and Jhamandas, K.H. (1976), J. Pharmacol., exp. Ther., 197, 379–390.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schnaar, R.L. and Sparks, H.V. (1912), Am. J. Physiol., 223, 223–228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scholar, E.M. and Dalske, H.F. (1919), Arch. Int. Pharmacol., 238, 257–267.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scholfield, C.N. (1978), Br. J. Pharmacol., 63, 239–244.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schrader, J., Baumann, G. and Gerlach, E. (1977), Pflüges Archiv., 372, 29–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schrader, J., Gerlach, E. and Baumann, G. (1979), In: Physiological and Regulatory Functions of Adenosine and Adenine Nucleotides, (Baer, H.P. and Drummond, G.I., eds.), Raven Press, New York, pp. 137–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schrader, J., Rubio, R. and Berne, R.M. (1975), J mol. cell Cardiol., 7, 427–433.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott, J.B., Daucherty, R.M. jr., Dabney, J.M. and Haddy, F.J. (1965), Am. J. Physiol., 208, 813–824.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sevilla, N., Tolkovsky, A.M. and Levitzki, A. (1977), FEBS Letters, 81, 339–341.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shimizu, H. and Daly, J. (1970), Biochim. biophys. Acta, 222, 465–473.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shimizu, H., Daly, J.W. and Creveling, C.R. (1969), J. Neurochem., 16, 1609–1619.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shuba, M.F. and Vladimirova, I.A. (1980), Neuroscience, 4, 853–859.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siggins, G.R., Hoffer, B.J. and Bloom, F.E. (1969), Science, 57, 1018–1020.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siggins, G.R., Hoffer, B.J. and Bloom, F.E. (1971), Brain Res., 25, 535–553.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sjöberg, B. and Wahlström, B.A. (1975), Acta Physiol. Scand., 94, 46–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Small, R.C. and Weston, A.H. (1979), Br. J. Pharmacol., 67, 301–308.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sneddon, J.D., Smythe, A., Satchell, D. and Burnstock, G. (1973), Comp. Gen. Pharmacol., 4, 53–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spedding, M. and Weetman, D.F. (1976), Br. J. Pharmacol., 57, 305–310.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stafford, A. (1966), Br. J. Pharmacol. Chemother., 28, 218–227.

    Google Scholar 

  • Standaert, F.G., Dretchen, G., Skirboll, L.R. and Morgenroth, V.H. (1976), J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 199, 553–564.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stjärne, L. (1979). In: The Release of Catecholamines from Adrenergic Neurons, (Paton, D.M., ed.), Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 111–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone, F.W. and Taylor, D.A. (1977), J. Physiol., London, 266, 523–543.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone, T.W. and Taylor, D.A. (1978), Brain Res., 147, 396–400.

    Google Scholar 

  • Su, C. (1978), J. Pharmacol., exp. Ther., 204, 351–361.

    Google Scholar 

  • Su, C., Tsuru, H. and Su, M.O. (1978), J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 207, 34–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Su, C., Tsuru, H. and Su, M.O. (1979), Proc. 7th Int. Congr. Pharmacol., Paris, 1978, 371–376.

    Google Scholar 

  • Szentmiklosi, A.J., Takacs, I. and Szegi, J. (1976), In: Symposium on Pharmacology of the Heart, (Szekeres, L. and Papp, J. Gy., eds.), Akademiai Kiadó, Budapest, 81–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ther, K., Muschaweck, R. and Hergott, J. (1957), Arch. Pharmacol. exp. Pathol., 231, 586–590.

    Google Scholar 

  • Traversa, U. and Newman, M. (1979), Biochem. Pharmac., 28, 2363–2365.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trost, T. and Stock, K. (1977), Nauyn-Schmiedeberg Arch. Pharmakol., 299, 33–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ueda, J. and Ontaki, Y. (1977), Jap. J. Pharmacol., 27, 251–258.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Calker, D., Muller, M. and Hamprecht, B. (1979), J. Neurochem., 33, 999–1005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Neuten, J.M., Fontaine, J., Helsen, L. and Janssen, P.A. (1977), Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn., 227, 168–170.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verhaeghe, R.H.,(1977), Am. J. Physiol., 233, H114–H121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verhaeghe, R.H., Vanhoutte, P.M. and Shepherd, J.T. (1977), Circulation Res., 40, 208–215.

    Google Scholar 

  • Versprille, A. and Van Duyn, C.D. (1966), Pflügers Arch., 292, 288–296.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vizi, E.S. (1919), Prog. Neurob., 12, 181–290.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vizi, E.S. and Knoll, J. (1976), Neuroscience, 2, 953–961.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wahl, M. and Kuschinsky, W. (1976), Pflügers Arch., 362, 55–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wakade, A.R. and Wakade, T.D. (1978), J. Physiol., London, 282, 35–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watts, D.T. (1953), Am. J. Physiol., 173, 291–296.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watts, R.W.E. (1978), Trend. Neurosc., 1, 12–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wayne, E.J., Goodwin, J.F. and Stoner, H.B. (1949), Br. Heart. J., 11, 55–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wedd, A.M. (1931), J. Pharmac. exp. Ther., 41, 355–366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weetman, D.F. and Turner, N. (1977), Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn., 228, 10–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weinryb, I. and Michel, I.M. (1974), Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 334, 218–225.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weston, A.J. (1973), Brit. J. Pharmacol., 47, 606–608.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolberg, G., Zimmerman, T.P., Hiemstra, K., Winston, M. and Chu, L.C. (1975), Science, 187, 957–959.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolff, M.M. and Berne, R.M. (1956), Circulation Res., 4, 343–348.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolff, J. and Cook, G.H. (1977), J. biol. Chem., 252, 687–693.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolff, J., Londos, C. and Cook, G.H. (1978), Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 191, 161–168.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood, C.M. (1977), J. Comp. Phys., 122, 325–345.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1981 Chapman and Hall

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Burnstock, G., Brown, C.M. (1981). An Introduction to Purinergic Receptors. In: Burnstock, G. (eds) Purinergic Receptors. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5816-6_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5816-6_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-009-5818-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-5816-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics