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Zystennieren

Cystic kidney diseases

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Zusammenfassung

Zystische Nierenerkrankungen sind klinisch und genetisch heterogen. Die wichtigsten Formen sind die autosomal-dominante und die autosomal-rezessive polyzystische Nierenerkrankung. Die Genprodukte der verantwortlichen Gene werden als Zystoproteine bezeichnet, die v. a. in den primären Zilien lokalisiert und für die Zystenentstehung von Bedeutung sind. Die erblichen polyzystischen Nierenerkrankungen zählen zu der wachsenden Gruppe der Ziliopathien, die auch zahlreiche syndromale Krankheitsbilder umfassen und deren Abgrenzung sehr schwierig sein kann. Zur Betreuung und als Basis für die genetische Beratung sollte eine Einordnung angestrebt werden, die neben dem klinischen, sonographischen und morphologischen Bild und möglichen weiteren Symptomen auch die Familienanamnese einschließen muss. Die molekulargenetische Diagnostik kann wertvolle Beiträge zur Diagnosestellung liefern. Die Aufklärung der Pathogenese eröffnet neue therapeutische Optionen.

Abstract

Cystic kidney diseases are clinically and genetically heterogeneous. The most important entities are autosomal-dominant and autosomal-recessive polycystic kidney diseases. The proteins encoded by the involved genes are referred to as cystoproteins, which are located predominantly in the primary cilia. Primary cilia play an important role in cyst formation. Inherited polycystic kidney diseases belong to the increasing number of reported ciliopathies, including several syndromic entities. An exact diagnosis is the basis for medical care and genetic counselling; thus, the diagnostic algorithm should include clinical, ultrasonographic and morphological features of the underlying kidney disease, knowledge about further features and family history. Molecular genetic testing may contribute important information towards a definite diagnosis.

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Zerres, K., Ortiz Brüchle, N. Zystennieren. Internist 53, 419–428 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-011-2985-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-011-2985-2

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