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Bioaccumulation of gadolinium in freshwater bivalves

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Abstract

In this study, the presence of anthropogenic gadolinium (Gd) was evaluated in rivers, close to wastewater treatment plant outputs. Then, one site was selected for in situ experiments to assess the bioaccumulation of Gd in the digestive gland and in the gills of two bivalves (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis and Corbicula fluminea). For both organisms, the results suggested that the bioaccumulation of Gd can be observed when organisms are exposed in a geogenic and anthropogenic Gd mixture. In order to observe if Gd can bioaccumulate in tissues of bivalves when the ion is only present as the main anthropogenic speciation of Gd, i.e., Gd-contrast agents (Gd-CAs), the gadoteric acid was used for a laboratory experiment. In this case, the presence of Gd was clearly detected in a significant amount in the digestive glands of D. rostriformis bugensis and C. fluminea while low concentrations are measured in the gills. For the first time, these results clearly showed that Gd can bioaccumulate in bivalve tissues even when it is only present as Gd-CAs. Biochemical activities were measured in the digestive gland and in the gills of the bivalves to assess the effects of Gd-CA bioaccumulation. No significant variations were observed in the gills. Concerning the digestive gland, after 7 days of exposure at 10 μg L−1 of Gd as Gd-CA speciation, GST activity in D. rostriformis bugensis and lipid hydroperoxide and mitochondrial electron transfer system in C. fluminea had increased. The results suggest an acclimation of the organisms to the presence of Gd-CAs in the medium within less than 21 days.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Philippe Wagner for his help with water sampling, and they warmly thank Mrs. Doyen for her English corrections.

This work has been supported by the Lorraine region; by the French National Research Agency through the Investissements d’avenir national program, with the following reference: ANR-10-LABX-21-01/LABEX RESSOURCES 21; and by the CNRS-INSU coordination through the EC2CO-ECODYN program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), UMR 7360 Campus Bridoux—Bâtiment IBiSE—8, rue du Général Delestraint, 57070, Metz, France

    Emilie Perrat, Marc Parant & Carole Cossu-Leguille

  2. Laboratoire d’Hydrologie de Nancy, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du 11 Travail (ANSES), 40 rue Lionnois, 54000, Nancy 12, France

    Jean-Sebastien Py & Christophe Rosin

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  1. Emilie Perrat
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  2. Marc Parant
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  3. Jean-Sebastien Py
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  4. Christophe Rosin
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  5. Carole Cossu-Leguille
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Correspondence to Marc Parant or Carole Cossu-Leguille.

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Responsible editor: Cinta Porte

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Perrat, E., Parant, M., Py, JS. et al. Bioaccumulation of gadolinium in freshwater bivalves. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 12405–12415 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8869-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8869-9

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