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Analysis and Evaluation of the Effects of Uniform and Non-uniform Wall Corrugation in a Pipe Filled with Ternary Hybrid Nanofluid

  • Research Article--Mechanical Engineering
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Abstract

In this study, heat transfer and flow characteristics are numerically investigated in a two-dimensional pipe under turbulent flow conditions. In the numerical study, the effects of different types of wall corrugation (decreasing, increasing, and non-uniform wall corrugation), Reynolds numbers, and ternary hybrid nanofluid (Zn:Ag:Co/EG-H2O) on the Nusselt number, friction factor, and thermal performance factor are studied. The Reynolds number is chosen between 13,000 and 28,000. The nanoparticle volume fraction of Zn:Ag:Co/EG-H2O is 1.0%. When corrugations are added, the flow and temperature fields change significantly, which improves heat transfer. This is shown by comparing the results of the corrugated cases with those of the cases without corrugations. The results indicate that when using a smooth pipe with EG-H2O fluid, the Nusselt number rises by 24.53%, 51.77%, and 92.67% at Reynolds numbers of 18,000, 23,000, and 28,000, respectively, compared to that at a Reynolds number of 13,000. For all working fluids used, the Nusselt number is noticeably larger in the decreasing wall corrugation, increasing wall corrugation, and non-uniform wall corrugation pipes than in the smooth pipe. The Nusselt number values for the decreasing wall corrugation, increasing wall corrugation, and non-uniform wall corrugation pipes are notably higher than those for the smooth pipe with EG-H2O. Specifically, the Nusselt number values for the Zn:Ag:Co/EG-H2O hybrid nanofluid at a Reynolds number of 28,000 are 134.14%, 145.81%, and 137.06% higher for decreasing wall corrugation, increasing wall corrugation, and non-uniform wall corrugation pipes, respectively. With a non-uniform wall corrugation pipe, the value of the friction factor goes up the most, whereas with increasing wall corrugation pipe, the valuation of the friction factor goes up the least. The Zn:Ag:Co/EG-H2O hybrid nanofluid shows the greatest efficacy when transported via a pipe with increasing wall corrugation.

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Abbreviations

DWC:

Decreasing wall corrugation

IWC:

Increasing wall corrugation

NWC:

Non-uniform wall corrugation

TPF:

Thermal performance factor

L :

Length of the pipe (m)

D :

Diameter of the pipe (m)

\(\phi\) :

Nanoparticle volume fraction

\(u\) :

Velocity (m/s)

\(E\) :

Total energy (J)

\(P\) :

Pressure (Pa)

k :

Turbulence kinetic energy (J/kg)

\({C}_{1}\), \({C}_{2}\), \({\sigma }_{k}\),\({\sigma }_{\varepsilon }\) :

Constants

C p :

Specific heat (j/kgK)

\(\rho\) :

Density (kg/m3)

q′′:

Heat flux (W/m2)

\(\lambda\) :

Thermal conductivity (W/mK)

\(\mu\) :

Viscosity (Pa.s)

Pr:

Prandtl number

Re:

Reynolds number

\({D}_{h}\) :

Hydraulic diameter (m)

h :

Heat transfer coefficient (W/m2K)

FrFa:

Friction factor

T :

Temperature (K)

Nu:

Nusselt number

thnf:

Ternary hybrid nanofluid

w :

Wall

b :

Bulk

out:

Outlet

in:

Inlet

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  1. Mechanical Engineering Department, Gazi University, 06570, Ankara, Turkey

    Recep Ekiciler

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Ekiciler, R. Analysis and Evaluation of the Effects of Uniform and Non-uniform Wall Corrugation in a Pipe Filled with Ternary Hybrid Nanofluid. Arab J Sci Eng 49, 2681–2694 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-023-08459-4

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