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Experimental investigation of combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with diesel–biodiesel–alcohol blends

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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of diesel–biodiesel–alcohol blends on the combustion, performance and emissions characteristics of a single-cylinder diesel engine. Tests were conducted at different engine speeds of 1750, 2250, 2750 and 3250 rpm and under full load. In this study, different fuels [called as reference diesel (D100), 20 vol% cottonseed methyl ester (D80C20), 10 vol% ethanol (D90E10) and finally the ternary type of their derivations (D70C20E10)], were used. The experimental results showed that the highest reduction values were observed on CO emission by 42%, 30% and 8% for the D90E10, D70C20E10 and D80C20 fuels, respectively. These reductions for HC emission were achieved as 40%, 31% and 23% for the D90E10, D70C20E10 and D80C20, respectively. On the other hand, the reductions of NOx and CO2 emissions were not sharp and varied between 2–7%. Besides the reductions on the exhaust emissions, biodiesel–ethanol blend presented better results in terms of HRRmax and CPmax than using biodiesel alone. Additionally, ignition delay of the biodiesel blends was longer than that of D100 fuel owing to their low cetane numbers. Combustion duration was shortened with the increment in engine speed because the turbulence increased in the combustion chamber at high engine speed. This case also improved the homogeneity of test fuels and increased the quality of the combustion process. As a consequence, this paper clearly reported that it is possible to achieve fewer emissions, the highest CPmax values with the presence of ethanol in biodiesel fuels rather than using biodiesel alone for diesel engines.

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Abbreviations

ACPmax :

Angle of maximum cylinder pressure (°CA)

AIPmax :

Angle of maximum pressure increase (°CA)

BSFC:

Brake-specific fuel consumption (g/kWh)

BTE:

Brake thermal efficiency

C20:

20% cottonseed biodiesel + 80% diesel (v/v)

C100:

100% cottonseed methyl ester

CD:

Combustion duration

CO:

Carbon monoxide

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

CPmax :

Maximum cylinder pressure

D80C20:

20% cottonseed biodiesel + 80% diesel (v/v)

D70C20E10:

20% cottonseed biodisel + 10% ethanol + 70% diesel (v/v)

D90E10:

10% ethanol + 90% diesel (v/v)

D100:

Reference fuel—conventional diesel

DF:

Diesel fuel

EPi :

Pollutant mass, i, referenced to Peff (g/kWh)

EVi,d :

Exhaust emission value of components on dry basis, i, as volume share (ppm)

EVi,w :

Exhaust emission value of components on wet basis, i, as volume share (ppm)

HC:

Hydrocarbon

HRRmax :

Maximum heat release rate (J/°CA)

ICEs:

Internal combustion engines

k :

Polytrophic constant

M i :

Molecular mass of the components, i (g/mol)

M Exh,d :

Molecular mass of the exhaust gases on dry basis (g/mol)

M Exh,w :

Molecular mass of the exhaust gases on wet basis (g/mol)

NaOH:

Sodium hydroxide

NOx :

Nitrogen oxide

P e :

Brake power (kW)

PM:

Particulate matter

RMS:

Root-mean-square

SOC:

Start of combustion (°CA)

SOI:

Start of injection (°CA)

TDC:

Top dead centre

T ex :

Exhaust temperature (°C)

UHC:

Unburnt hydrocarbon

wt%:

Weight per cent

v/v:

Volumetric ratio

vol%:

Volumetric per cent

Ø or °CA:

Crank angle

\(\partial P\) :

Change in-cylinder pressure

m Exh,d :

Exhaust mass flow (kg/h)

p eff :

Power output (kW)

\(\partial V\) :

Change in-cylinder volume

λ :

Air–fuel equivalence ratio

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Düzce University, 81620, Düzce, Turkey

    Ümit Ağbulut & Suat Sarıdemir

  2. Department of Aircraft Technology, Vocational School, Istanbul Istinye University, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey

    Serdar Albayrak

Authors
  1. Ümit Ağbulut
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  2. Suat Sarıdemir
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  3. Serdar Albayrak
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Correspondence to Ümit Ağbulut.

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Technical Editor: Mário Eduardo Santos Martins.

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Ağbulut, Ü., Sarıdemir, S. & Albayrak, S. Experimental investigation of combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with diesel–biodiesel–alcohol blends. J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 41, 389 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-019-1891-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-019-1891-8

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