Biocompatibility of intraocular liquid tamponade agents: an update

Romano, Mario R.; Ferrara, Mariantonia; Nepita, Irene; D’Amato Tothova, Jana; Giacometti Schieroni, Alberto; Reami, Daniela; Mendichi, Raniero; Liggieri, Libero; Repetto, Rodolfo

doi:10.1038/s41433-021-01596-w

Review Article
Published: 25 May 2021

Biocompatibility of intraocular liquid tamponade agents: an update

Mario R. Romano ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-0348-0532^1,2,
Mariantonia Ferrara ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-1191-4989³,
Irene Nepita⁴,
Jana D’Amato Tothova⁵,
Alberto Giacometti Schieroni ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-1051-3750⁶,
Daniela Reami⁷,
Raniero Mendichi⁸,
Libero Liggieri⁹ &
…
Rodolfo Repetto⁴

Eye volume 35, pages 2699–2713 (2021)Cite this article

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Abstract

Intraocular liquids tamponade agents, such as perfluorocarbon liquids (PFCLs), semifluorinated alkanes (SFAs), silicone oils (SOs) and heavy silicone oils (HSOs), are a crucial intraoperative and/or postoperative tool in vitreoretinal surgery, in particular for the management of complex vitreoretinal diseases. However, their use is not without complications, which are potentially severe. Consequently, a growing interest has been devoted to the biocompatibility of these compounds and the adequacy of current regulations that should guarantee their safety. Obviously, an updated knowledge on research findings and potential risks associated to the use of intraocular liquid compounds is essential, not only for vitreoretinal surgeons, but also for any ophthalmologist involved in the management of patients receiving intraocular liquid tamponades. In light of this, the review provides a comprehensive characterisation of intraocular liquid tamponades, in terms of physical and chemical properties, current clinical use and possible complications. Moreover, this review focuses on the safety profile of these compounds, summarising the existing regulation and the available evidence on their biocompatibility.

摘要

眼内液体填充剂, 如全氟化碳液体 (PFCLs) 、半氟化烷烃 (SFAs) 、硅油 (SOs) 和重硅油 (HSOs), 是玻璃体视网膜手术中及术后重要的玻璃体填充物, 对于复杂的玻璃体视网膜疾病的治疗尤其重要。然而, 这些填充剂可产生甚至严重的并发症。因此, 人们越来越关注这些化合物的生物相容性以及现行法规是否足以保证其使用的安全性。显然, 不仅对玻璃体视网膜疾病的外科医生来说, 或是对任何参与眼内液体填充患者治疗的眼科医生来说, 对眼内液体填充剂的研究结果和潜在风险有最新的认识和了解是必不可少的。有鉴于此, 本文就眼内液体填充剂的理化性质、临床应用现状及可能产生的并发症作一综述。此外, 本文还对这些填充剂的安全性进行了汇总, 并总结了有关其生物相容性的现有法规和现有证据。

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Authors and Affiliations

Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milano, Italy
Mario R. Romano
Eye Centre, Humanitas Gavazzeni-Castelli, Bergamo, Italy
Mario R. Romano
Newcastle Eye Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
Mariantonia Ferrara
Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
Irene Nepita & Rodolfo Repetto
Research and Development, AL.CHI.MI.A. S.R.L.S.r.l., Ponte San Nicolò (PD), Italy
Jana D’Amato Tothova
CNR—Istitute for Chemical Sciences and Technology, Milano, Italy
Alberto Giacometti Schieroni
Regulatory affairs AL.CHI.MI.A. S.R.L.S.r.l, Ponte San Nicolò (PD), Italy
Daniela Reami
Consultant Polymers Characterization, Tribiano, Milano, Italy
Raniero Mendichi
CNR—Institute for Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy (ICMATE), Genoa, Italy
Libero Liggieri

Authors

Mario R. Romano
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Mariantonia Ferrara
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Irene Nepita
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Jana D’Amato Tothova
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Alberto Giacometti Schieroni
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Daniela Reami
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Raniero Mendichi
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Libero Liggieri
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Rodolfo Repetto
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Contributions

MRR, RR and JDT contributed to the design of the review protocol, the correction of the draft, and the final revision. MF and IN conducted the search, screening potentially eligible studies, analysed the data, wrote the first draft. MF and DR created the tables. IN created Fig. 1. AGS and DR contributed to writing the first draft. LL and RM provided feedback on the draft and revised the final version. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. All authors agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mariantonia Ferrara.

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The authors declare no competing interest.

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Romano, M.R., Ferrara, M., Nepita, I. et al. Biocompatibility of intraocular liquid tamponade agents: an update. Eye 35, 2699–2713 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-021-01596-w

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Received: 01 March 2021
Revised: 28 April 2021
Accepted: 05 May 2021
Published: 25 May 2021
Issue Date: October 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-021-01596-w

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