ABSTRACT
Alpha-picolinic acid (PA), a metabolite of tryptophan and an inducer of apoptosis in the animal cell, has been reported to be a toxin produced by some of plant fungal pathogens and used in screening for disease resistant mutants. Here, we report that PA is an efficient apoptosis agent triggering cell death of hypersensitive-like response in planta. Confirmed by Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter (FACS), rice suspension cells and leaves exhibited programmed cell death induced by PA. The PA-induced cell death was associated with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species that could be blocked by diphenylene iodonium chloride, indicating that the generation of reactive oxygen species was NADPH-oxidase dependent. We also demonstrated the induction of rice defense-related genes and subsequent resistant enhancement by PA against the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. Hence, it was concluded that the PA-stimulated defense response likely involves the onset of the hypersensitive response in rice, which also provides a simple eliciting tool for studying apoptosis in the plant cell.
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Acknowledgements
We are thankful to Dr. Dudler for providing the PIR2 probe, Dr. Werner for the rice gp91phox homolog probe, Prof. Sun for the blast culture, and Prof. Ma for measurement of PA. We are also grateful to Ms. Meng for FACS test and Prof. Wei for protoplast preparation. This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foudation of China (30125030) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences project (KSCX2-SW-301-02). Z. He is a fellow of the CAS “One-Hundred Talent” program.
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ZHANG, H., ZHANG, X., MAO, B. et al. Alpha-picolinic acid, a fungal toxin and mammal apoptosis-inducing agent, elicits hypersensitive-like response and enhances disease resistance in rice. Cell Res 14, 27–33 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.cr.7290199
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.cr.7290199
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