In den letzten Jahren zeigt sich zunehmend im praktischen Alltag eine Form der Hypertonie, die sich durch deutlich erhöhten systolischen Blutdruck bei normalem diastolischem Blutdruck äußert. Patienten klagen bei dieser Art des Hochdrucks immer wieder über sehr stark schwankende und zum Teil medikamentös nur schwer einstellbare Blutdruckwerte. Sowohl Patienten wie auch die behandelnde Ärzte verzweifeln nicht selten an dieser Blutdruckkonstellation. Nach den WHO Guidelines und auch den Empfehlungen der deutschen und europäischen Hochdruckgesellschaften wird ein erhöhter systolischer Blutdruck über 140 mmHg bei gleichzeitig normalen diastolischen Blutdruck unter 90 mmHg als isolierte systolische Hypertonie (ISH) bezeichnet. Typisches Charakteristikum ist der erhöhte Pulsdruck, der sich aus der Differenz von systolischem und diastolischen Blutdruck errechnen lässt. Sowohl die isolierte systolische Hypertonie wie aber auch der erhöhte Pulsdruck sind unabhängige Risikofaktoren für kardiovaskuläre Folgeerkrankungen.
kurzgefasst: Eine isolierte systolische Hypertonie liegt vor, wenn der systolische Blutdruck über 140 mmHg liegt und der diastolische Blutdruck unter 90 mmHg bleibt. Eine typische Begleiterscheinung ist der erhöhte Pulsdruck, der sich aus der Differenz von systolischem und diastolischen Blutdruck berechnen lässt. Beides sind unabhängige kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren.
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