I. Introduction

The Internet of Things (IoT) is entering the daily operation of many industry sectors. For example, the concept of “smart city” is emerging. Smart city systems not only offer improvements in the quality of life of the inhabitants, but also greatly improve efficiency regarding asset management, including intelligent transportation systems (e.g., smart mobility, vehicular automation, and traffic control); smart grids; street lighting management; traffic light management; waste management; environmental monitoring (e.g., sensors on city vehicles to monitor environmental parameters); water management; surveillance/intelligence; smart services, and crowdsensing (where the citizenry at large uses smartphones, wearable, and car-based sensors to collect and forward for aggregation a variety of visual, signal, and environmental data). (Some of these services are known as “smart street” services.) In the short-term smart cities’ industries spans five key areas: 1) energy; 2) water; 3) mobility; 4) buildings; and 5) government. The next granular evolution of the smart city is the application of these concepts in a more confined physical space, namely, to commercial building environments. In fact, nearly all the applications for smart cities have comparable applicability to building management [e.g., traffic/access control, surveillance, energy management, indoor environmental and air quality (IEAQ)/comfort control, and so on] [1]–[5].