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Extended Riemann-Liouville type fractional derivative operator with applications

  • P. Agarwal , Juan J. Nieto EMAIL logo and M.-J. Luo
Published/Copyright: December 29, 2017

Abstract

The main purpose of this paper is to introduce a class of new extended forms of the beta function, Gauss hypergeometric function and Appell-Lauricella hypergeometric functions by means of the modified Bessel function of the third kind. Some typical generating relations for these extended hypergeometric functions are obtained by defining the extension of the Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative operator. Their connections with elementary functions and Fox’s H-function are also presented.

MSC 2010: 26A33; 33B15; 33B20; 33C05; 33C20; 33C65

1 Introduction

Extensions and generalizations of some known special functions are important both from the theoretical and applied point of view. Also many extensions of fractional derivative operators have been developed and applied by many authors (see [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 12, 19, 20, 21] and [17, 18]). These new extensions have proved to be very useful in various fields such as physics, engineering, statistics, actuarial sciences, economics, finance, survival analysis, life testing and telecommunications. The above-mentioned applications have largely motivated our present study.

The extended incomplete gamma functions constructed by using the exponential function are defined by

(α,z;p)=z0tα1exp(tpt)dt((p)>0;p=0,(α)>0) (1)

and

Γ(α,z;p)=ztα1exp(tpt)dt((p)0) (2)

with |arg z| < π, which have been studied in detail by Chaudhry and Zubair (see, for example, [2] and [4]). The extended incomplete gamma functions γ(α, z; p) and Γ(α, z; p) satisfy the following decomposition formula

(α,z;p)+Γ(α,z;p)=Γp(α)=2pα/2Kα(2p)((p)>0), (3)

where Γp(α) is called extended gamma function, and Kα(z) is the modified Bessel function of the third kind, or the Macdonald function with its integral representation given by (see [7])

Kα(z)=120exp[κ(z|t)]dttα+1, (4)

where ℜ(z) > 0 and

κ(z|t)=z2(t+1t). (5)

For α = 12 , we have

K12(z)=π2zez. (6)

Instead of using the exponential function, Chaudhry and Zubair extended (1) and (2) in the following form (see [3], see also [4])

γμ(α,x;p)=2pπx0tα32exp(t)Kμ+12(pt)dt (7)

and

Γμ(α,x;p)=2pπxtα32exp(t)Kμ+12(pt)dt, (8)

where ℜ(x) > 0, ℜ(p) > 0, −∞ < α < ∞.

Inspired by their construction of (7) and (8), we aim to introduce a class of new special functions and fractional derivative operator by suitably using the modified Bessel function Kα(z).

The present paper is organized as follows: In Section 2, we first define the extended beta function and study some of its properties such as different integral representations and its Mellin transform. Then some extended hypergeometric functions are introduced by using the extended beta function. The extended Riemann-Liouville type fractional derivative operator and its properties are given in Section 3. In Section 4, the linear and bilinear generating relations for the extended hypergeometric functions are derived. Finally, the Mellin transforms of the extended fractional derivative operator are determined in Section 5.

2 Extended beta and hypergeometric functions

This section is divided into two subsections. In subsection-1, we define the extended beta function Bμ(x, y; p; m) and study some of its properties. In subsection-2, we introduce the extended Gauss hypergeometric function Fμ(a, b; c; z; p; m), the Appell hypergeometric functions F1,μ, F2,μ and the Lauricella hypergeometric function FD3,μ and then obtain their integral representations. Throughout the present study, we shall assume that ℜ(p) > 0 and m > 0.

2.1 Extended beta function

Definition 2.1

The extended beta function Bμ(x, y; p; m) with ℜ(p) > 0 is defined by

Bμ(x,y;p;m):=2pπ10tx32(1t)y32Kμ+12(ptm(1t)m)dt, (9)

where x, y ∈ ℂ, m > 0 and ℜ(μ) ≥ 0.

Remark 2.2

Taking m = 1, μ = 0 and making use of (6), (9) reduces to the extended beta function Bμ(x, y; p) defined by Chaudhry et al. [5, Eq. (1.7)]

B(x,y;p):=B0(x,y;p;1)=10tx1(1t)y1exp(pt(1t))dt, (10)

where ℜ(p) > 0 and x, y ∈ ℂ.

Theorem 2.3

The following integral representations for the extended beta functions Bμ(x, y; p; m) with ℜ(p) > 0 are valid

Bμ(x,y;p;m)=22pππ20cos2(x1)θsin2(y1)θKμ+12(psec2mθcsc2mθ)dθ (11)

=2pπ0ux32(1+u)x+y1Kμ+12(p(1+u)2mum)du (12)

=22xy2pπ11(1+u)x32(1u)y32Kμ+12(22mp(1u2)m)du. (13)

Proof

These formulas can be obtained by using the transformations t=cos2θ,t=u1+uand t=1+u2 in (9), respectively.□

Theorem 2.4

The following expression holds true

Bμ(x,y;p,m)=122pπ0B0(xm2,ym2;κ(p|u);m)duuμ+32,(x,yC,m>0,(p)>0,(μ)0) (14)

where κ(p|u) is given by (5).

Proof

Expressing Bμ(x, y; p, m) in its integral form with the help of (9), and taking (4) into account, we obtain

Bμ(x,y;p,m)=2pπ10tx32(1t)y32Kμ+12(ptm(1t)m)dt=122pπ10tx32(1t)y32{0exp[κ(p|u)tm(1t)m]duuμ+32}dt=122pπ0{10tx32(1t)y32exp[κ(p|u)tm(1t)m]dt}duuμ+32, (15)

where κ(p|u) is given by (5).

In order to write the inner integral as our extended beta function, we need the following variant of (6), that is,

ez=2πzK12(z).

Then, we have

10tx32(1t)y32exp[κ(p|u)tm(1t)m]dt=10tx32(1t)y322πκ(p|u)tm(1t)mK12(κ(p|u)tm(1t)m)dt=2κ(p|u)π10txm232(1t)ym232K12(κ(p|u)tm(1t)m)dt=B0(xm2,ym2;κ(p|u);m). (16)

Substituting (16) into (15) we obtain the required result (14).□

Remark 2.5

It is interesting to note that using the definition of the extended beta function (see, [11, 12]) we can get the following expression for (9)

Bμ(x,y;p,m)=122pπ0Bκ(p|u);m,m(x12,y12)duuμ+32, (17)

where the function Bb;ρ,λ(x, y) is given by [12, p. 631, Eq. (2)]

Bb;ρ,λ(x,y)=10tx1(1t)y1exp(btρ(1t)λ)dt(x,yC).

The following theorem establishes the relation between the Mellin transform

M{f(x);xs}=0xs1f(x)dx

and the extended beta function.

Theorem 2.6

Let x, y ∈ ℂ, m > 0, ℜ(μ) ≥ 0 and

(s)>max{(μ),12+12m(x)m,12+12m(y)m}.

Then we have the following relation

M{Bμ(x,y;p;m):ps}=12μΓ(s+μ)Γ(s2μ2)Γ(x+ms+m12)Γ(y+ms+m12)Γ(s2+μ2)Γ(x+y+2ms+m1)=12μΓ(s+μ)Γ(s2μ2)Γ(s2+μ2)B(x+ms+m12,y+ms+m12). (18)

Proof

First, we have

M{Bμ(x,y;p;m):ps}=0ps12pπ10tx32(1t)y32Kμ+12(ptm(1t)m)dtdp=2π10tx32(1t)y32[0ps+121Kμ+12(ptm(1t)m)dp]dt=2π10tx+m(s+12)32(1t)y+m(s+12)32dt0us+121Kμ+12(u)du=2πΓ(x+ms+m12)Γ(y+ms+m12)Γ(x+y+2ms+m1)0us+121Kμ+12(u)du. (19)

Since the Mellin transform of the Macdonald function Kv(z) is given by [9, p. 37, Eq.(1.7.41)]:

M{Kv(z):zs}=2s2Γ(s2+v2)Γ(s2v2), (20)

the last integral in (19) can be evaluated as

0us+121Kμ+12(u)du=2s32Γ(s2+μ2+12)Γ(s2μ2)=212μπΓ(s+μ)Γ(s2μ2)Γ(s2+μ2), (21)

where we have used

Γ(2z)=22z1πΓ(z)Γ(z+12).

Finally, we get

M{Bμ(x,y;p;m):ps}=12μΓ(s+μ)Γ(s2μ2)Γ(x+ms+m12)Γ(y+ms+m12)Γ(s2+μ2)Γ(x+y+2ms+m1).

Now we can derive the Fox H-function representation of the extended beta function defined in (9).

Let m, n, p, q be integers such that 0 ≥ mq, 0 ≥ np, and for parameters ai, bi ∈ ℂ and for parameters αi, βj ∈ ℝ+ (i = 1, …, p; j = 1, …, q), the H-function is defined in terms of a Mellin-Barnes integral in the following manner ([8, pp. 1–2]; see also [10, p. 343, Definition E.1.] and [13, p. 2, Definition 1.1.]):

Hm,np,q[z|(ai,αi)1,p(bj,βj)1,q]=Hm,np,q[z|(a1,α1),,(ap,αp)(b1,β1),,(bq,βq)]=12πiLΘ(s)zsds, (22)

where

Θ(s)=mj=1Γ(bj+βjs)ni=1Γ(1aiαis)pi=n+1Γ(ai+αis)qj=m+1Γ(1bjβjs), (23)

with the contour 𝓛 suitably chosen. As convention, the empty product is equal to one. The theory of the H-function is well explained in the books of Mathai [14], Mathai and Saxena ([15], Ch.2), Srivastava, Gupta and Goyal ([22], Ch.1) and Kilbas and Saigo ([8], Ch.1 and Ch.2). Note that (18) and (20) mean Hm,np,q (z) in (22) is the inverse Mellin transform of Θ(s) in (23).

Theorem 2.7

Let ℜ(p) > 0, x, y ∈ ℂ, m > 0 and ℜ(μ) ≥ 0, then

Bμ(x,y;p;m)=12μH4,02,4[p|(μ2,12),(x+y+m1,2m)(μ,1),(μ2,12),(x+m12,m),(y+m12,m)],

where Bμ(x, y; p; m) is as defined in (9).

Proof

The result is obtained by taking the inverse Mellin transform of (18) in Theorem 2.6 and using (22) and (23).□

2.2 Extended hypergeometric functions

Definition 2.8

The extended Gauss hypergeometric function Fμ(a, b; c; z; p; m) is defined by

Fμ(a,b;c;z;p;m):=n=0(a)nBμ(b+n,cb;p;m)B(b,cb)znn!, (24)

where ℜ(p) > 0, ℜ(μ) ≥ 0, 0 < ℜ(b) < ℜ(c) and |z| < 1.

Definition 2.9

The extended Appell hypergeometric function F1,μ is defined by

F1,μ(a,b,c;d;x,y;p;m):=n,k=0(b)n(c)kBμ(a+n+k,da;p;m)B(a,da)xnn!ykk!, (25)

where ℜ(p) > 0, ℜ(μ) ≥ 0, 0 < ℜ(a) < ℜ(d) and |x| < 1, |y| < 1.

Definition 2.10

The extended Appell hypergeometric function F2,μ is defined by

F2,μ(a,b,c;d,e;x,y;p;m):=n,k=0(a)n+kBμ(b+n,db;p;m)B(b,db)Bμ(c+k,ec;p;m)B(c,ec)xnn!ykk!, (26)

where ℜ(p) > 0, ℜ(μ) ≥ 0, 0 < ℜ(b) < ℜ(d), 0 < ℜ(c) < ℜ(e) and |x| + |y| < 1.

Definition 2.11

The extended Lauricella hypergeometric function F3D,μ is

F3D,μ(a,b,c,d;e;x,y,z;p;m):=n,k,r=0(b)n(c)k(d)rBμ(a+n+k+r,ea;p;m)B(a,ea)xnn!ykk!zrr!, (27)

where ℜ(p) > 0, ℜ(μ) ≥ 0, 0 < ℜ(a) < ℜ(e) and |x| < 1, |y| < 1, |z| < 1.

Here, it is important to mention that when we take m = 1, μ = 0 and then letting p → 0, function (24) reduces to the ordinary Gauss hypergeometric function defined by

2F1(a,b;c;z)2F1[a,bc;z]=n=0(a)n(b)n(c)nznn!, (28)

where (x)n denotes the Pochhammer symbol defined, in terms of the familiar gamma function, by

(x)n=Γ(x+n)Γ(x)={1(n=0;xC{0})x(x+1)(x+n1)(nN;xC).

For conditions of convergence and other related details of this function, see [1], [9] and [16]. Similarly, we can reduce the functions (25), (26) and (27) to the well-known Appell functions F1, F2 and Lauricella function F3D , respectively (see [16] and [23]).

Now, we establish the integral representations of the extended hypergeometric functions given by (24), (25), (26) and (27) as follows.

Theorem 2.12

The following integral representation for the extended Gauss hypergeometric function Fμ(a, b; c; z; p; m) is valid

Fμ(a,b;c;z;p;m)=2pπ1B(b,cb)10tb32(1t)cb32(1zt)aKμ+12(ptm(1t)m)dt, (29)

where |arg (1 − z)| < π, ℜ(p) > 0, m > 0 and ℜ(μ) ≥ 0.

Proof

By using (9) and employing the binomial expansion

(1zt)a=n=0(a)n(zt)nn!(|zt|<1), (30)

we get the above integral representation.□

Theorem 2.13

The following integral representation for the extended hypergeometric function F1,μ is valid

F1,μ(a,b,c;d;x,y;p;m)=2pπ1B(a,da)×10ta32(1t)da32(1xt)b(1yt)cKμ+12(ptm(1t)m)dt, (31)

Proof

For simplicity, let ℑ denote the left-hand side of (31). Then, using (25) yields

I=n,k=0(b)n(c)kBμ(a+n+k,da;p;m)B(a,da)xnn!ykk!, (32)

By applying (9) to the integrand of (31), after a little simplification, we have

I=n,k=0{2pπ10ta+n+k32(1t)da32Kμ+12(ptm(1t)m)dt}(b)n(c)kB(a,da)xnn!ykk!. (33)

By interchanging the order of summation and integration in (33), we get

I=2pπ1B(a,da)10ta32(1t)da32Kμ+12(ptm(1t)m)×{n=0(b)nn!(xt)n}{k=0(c)kk!(yt)k}dt=2pπ1B(a,da)10ta32(1t)da32×(1xt)b(1yt)cKμ+12(ptm(1t)m)dt, (34)

which proves the integral representation (31).□

To establish Theorem 2.13, we need to recall the following elementary series identity involving the bounded sequence of {f(N)}N=0 stated in the following result.

Lemma 2.14

For a bounded sequence {f(N)}N=0 of essentially arbitrary complex numbers, we have

N=0f(N)(x+y)NN!=n=0k=0f(n+k)xnn!ykk!. (35)

Theorem 2.15

The following integral representation for the extended hypergeometric function F2,μ is valid

F2,μ(a,b,c;d,e;x,y;p;m)=2pπ1B(b,db)B(c,ec)×1010tb32(1t)db32wb32(1w)ec32(1xtyw)a×Kμ+12(ptm(1t)m)Kμ+12(pwm(1w)m)dtdw. (36)

Proof

Let 𝓛 denote the left-hand side of (36). Then, using (26) yields

L=n,k=0(a)n+kBμ(b+n,db;p;m)B(b,db)Bμ(c+k,ec;p;m)B(c,ec)xnn!ykk!. (37)

By applying (9) to the integrand of (32), we have

L=2pπn,k=0{10tb+n32(1t)db32Kμ+12(ptm(1t)m)dt}×{10wb+n32(1w)ec32Kμ+12(pwm(1w)m)dw}×(a)n+kB(b,db)B(c,ec)xnn!ykk!. (38)

Next, interchanging the order of summation and integration in (38), which is guaranteed, yields

L=2pπ1B(b,db)B(c,ec)1010tb32(1t)db32wb32(1w)ec32×Kμ+12(ptm(1t)m)Kμ+12(pwm(1w)m)×(n,k=0(a)n+k(xt)nn!(yw)kk!)dtdw. (39)

Finally, applying (35) to the double series in (39), we obtain the right-hand side of (36).□

Theorem 2.16

The following integral representation for the extended hypergeometric function F3D,μ is valid

F3D,μ(a,b,c,d;e;x,y,z;p;m)=1B(a,ea)2pπ×10ta32(1t)ea32(1xt)b(1yt)c(1zt)dKμ+12(ptm(1t)m)dt (40)

Proof

A similar argument in the proof of Theorem 2.15 will be able to establish the integral representation in (40). Therefore, details of the proof are omitted.□

3 Extended Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative operator

We first recall that the classical Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative is defined by (see [23, p. 286])

Dνzf(z):=1Γ(ν)z0(zt)ν1f(t)dt,

where ℜ(ν) < 0 and the integration path is a line from 0 to z in the complex t-plane. It coincides with the fractional integral of order −ν. In case m − 1 < ℜ(ν) < m, m ∈ ℕ, it is customary to write

Dνzf(z):=dmdzmDνmzf(z)=dmdzm{1Γ(mν)z0(zt)mν1f(t)dt}.

We present the following new extended Riemann-Liouville-type fractional derivative operator.

Definition 3.1

The extended Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative is defined as

Dν,μ;p;mzf(z):=1Γ(ν)2pπz0(zt)ν1f(t)Kμ+12(pz2mtm(zt)m)dt, (41)

where ℜ(ν) < 0, ℜ(p) > 0, ℜ(m) > 0 and ℜ(μ) ≥ 0.

For n − 1 < ℜ(ν) < n, n ∈ ℕ, we write

Dν,μ;p;mzf(z):=dndznDνn,μ;p;mzf(z)=dndzn{1Γ(nν)2pπz0(zt)nν1f(t)Kμ+12(pz2mtm(zt)m)dt}. (42)

Remark 3.2

If we take m = 0, μ = 0, and p → 0, then the above extended Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative operator reduces to the classical Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative operator.

Now, we begin our investigation by calculating the extended fractional derivatives of some elementary functions. For our purpose, we first establish two results involving the extended Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative operator.

Lemma 3.3

Let ℜ(ν) < 0, then we have

Dν,μ;p;mz{zλ}=zλνΓ(ν)Bμ(λ+32,ν+12;p;m). (43)

Proof

Using Definition 3.1 and 1, we have

Dν,μ;p;mz{zλ}=1Γ(ν)2pπz0(zt)ν1tλKμ+12(pz2mtm(zt)m)dt=zλνΓ(ν)2pπ10(1u)(ν+12)32u(λ+32)32Kμ+12(pum(1u)m)du=zλνΓ(ν)Bμ(λ+32,ν+12;p;m).

Next, we apply the extended Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative to a function f(z) analytic at the origin.

Lemma 3.4

Let ℜ(ν) < 0 and suppose that a function f(z) is analytic at the origin with its Maclaurin expansion given by f(z)=n=0anzn (|z| < ρ) for some ρ ∈ ℝ+. Then we have

Dν,μ;p;mz{f(z)}=n=0anDν,μ;p;mz{zn}.

Proof

Using Definition 3.1 to the function f(z) with its series expansion, we have

Dν,μ;p;mz{f(z)}=1Γ(ν)2pπz0(zt)ν1Kμ+12(pz2mtm(zt)m)n=0antndt.

Since the power series converges uniformly on any closed disk centered at the origin with its radius smaller than ρ, so does the series on the line segment from 0 to a fixed z for |z| < ρ. This fact guarantees term-by-term integration as follows:

Dν,μ;p;mz{f(z)}=n=0an{1Γ(ν)2pπz0(zt)ν1Kμ+12(pz2mtm(zt)m)tndt}=n=0anDν,μ;p;mz{zn}.

As a consequence we have the following result.

Theorem 3.5

Let ℜ(ν) < 0 and suppose that a function f(z) is analytic at the origin with its Maclaurin expansion given by f(z)=n=0anzn (|z| < ρ) for some ρ ∈ ℝ+. Then we have

Dν,μ;p;mz{zλ1f(z)}=n=0anDν,μ;p;mz{zλ+n1}=zλν1Γ(ν)n=0anBμ(λ+n+12,ν+12;p;m)zn.

We present two subsequent theorems which may be useful to find certain generating function.

Theorem 3.6

For ℜ(ν) > ℜ(λ) > − 12 , we have

Dλν,μ;p;mz{zλ1(1z)α}=zν1Γ(νλ)B(λ+12,νλ+12)Fμ(α,λ+12;ν+1;z;p;m)(|z|<1;αC). (44)

Proof

Using (30) and applying Lemmas 3.3 and 3.4, we obtain

Dλν,μ;p;mz{zλ1(1z)α}=Dλν,μ;p;mz{zλ1l=0(α)lzll!}=l=0(α)ll!Dλν,μ;p;mz{zλ+l1}=l=0(α)ll!Bμ(λ+l+12,νλ+12;p;m)Γ(νλ)zν+l1.

By using (24), we can get

Dλν,μ;p;mz{zλ1(1z)α}=zν1Γ(νλ)B(λ+12,νλ+12)Fμ(α,λ+12;ν+1;z;p;m).

Theorem 3.7

Let ℜ(ν) > ℜ(λ) > − 12 , ℜ(α) > 0, ℜ(β) > 0; |az| < 1 and |bz| < 1. Then we have

Dλν,μ;p;mz{zλ1(1az)α(1bz)β}=zν1Γ(νλ)B(λ+12,νλ+12)F1,μ(λ+12,α,β;ν+1;az,bz;p;m). (45)

Proof

Use the binomial theorem for (1 − az)α and (1 − bz)β. Apply Lemmas 3.3 and 3.4 to obtain

Dλν,μ;p;mz{zλ1(1az)α(1bz)β}=Dλν,μ;p;mz{zλ1l=0k=0(α)l(β)k(az)ll!(bz)kk!}=l,k=0(α)l(β)kDλν,μ;p;mz{zλ+l+k1}(a)ll!(b)kk!=zν1l,k=0(α)l(β)kBμ(λ+l+k+12,νλ+12;p;m)Γ(νλ)(az)nl!(bz)kk!.

By using (25), we get

Dλν,μ;p;mz{zλ1(1az)α(1bz)β}=zν1Γ(νλ)B(λ+12,νλ+12)F1,μ(λ+12,α,β;ν+1;az,bz;p;m).

Theorem 3.8

Let ℜ(ν) > ℜ(λ) > −12 , ℜ(α) > 0, ℜ(β) > 0, ℜ(γ) > 0, |az| < 1, |bz| < 1 and |cz| < 1. Then we have

Dλν,μ;p;mz{zλ1(1az)α(1bz)β(1cz)γ}=zν1Γ(νλ)×B(λ+12,νλ+12)F3D,μ(λ+12,α,β,γ;ν+1;az,bz,cz;p;m). (46)

Proof

As in the proof of Theorem 3.7, taking the binomial theorem for (1 − az)α, (1 − bz)β and (1 − cz)γ and applying Lemmas 3.3 and 3.4 and taking Definition 5 into account, one can easily prove Theorem 3.8.□

Theorem 3.9

Let ℜ(ν) > ℜ(λ) > − 12 , ℜ(α) > 0, ℜ(γ) > ℜ(β) > 0; |x1z| < 1 and |x| + |z| < 1. Then we have

Dzλν,μ;p;m{zλ1(1z)αFμα,β;γ;x1z;p;m}=zν1Bλ+12,νλ+12ΓνλF2,μα,β,λ+12;γ,ν+1;x,z;p;m (47)

Proof

By using (30) and applying the Definition 2.8 for Fμ, we get

Dzλν,μ;p;mzλ1(1z)αFμα,β;γ;x1z;p;m=Dzλν,μ;p;mzλ1(1z)αn=0(α)nn!Bμ(β+n,γβ;p;m)B(β,γβ)x1zn=n=0(α)nBμ(β+n,γβ;p;m)B(β,γβ)Dzλν,μ;p;mzλ1(1z)αnxnn!.

Using Theorem 3.6 for Dzλν,μ;p;m{zλ1(1z)αn} and interpreting the extended hypergeometric function Fμ as its series representation, we get

Dzλν,μ;p;mzλ1(1z)αFμα,β;γ;x1z;p;m=zν1Γ(νλ)Bλ+12,νλ+12n,k=0{(α)n+kBμβ+n,γβ;p;mBβ,γβ×Bμλ+k+12,νλ+12;p;mBλ+12,νλ+12xnn!zkk!}=zν1Γ(νλ)Bλ+12,νλ+12F2,μα,β,λ+12;γ,ν+1;x,z;p;m.

This completes the proof.□

4 Generating functions involving the extended Gauss hypergeometric function

Here, we establish some linear and bilinear generating relations for the extended hypergeometric function Fμ by using Theorems 3.6, 3.7 and 3.9.

Theorem 4.1

Let ℜ(λ) > 0 and ℜ(β) > ℜ(α) > − 12 . Then we have

n=0(λ)nn!Fμλ+n,α+12;β+1;z;p;mtn=1tλFμλ,α+12;β+1;z1t;p;m.|z|<min{1,|1t|} (48)

Proof

We start by recalling the elementary identity

[(1z)t]λ=(1t)λ1z1tλ

and expand its left-hand side to obtain

(1z)λn=0(λ)nn!t1zn=(1t)λ1z1tλ(|t|<|1z|).

Multiplying both sides of the above equality by zα−1 and applying the extended Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative operator Dzαβ,μ;p;m on both sides, we find

Dzαβ;μ;p;mn=0(λ)ntnn!zα1(1z)λn=Dzαβ;μ;p;m(1t)λzα11z1tλ.

Uniform convergence of the involved series makes it possible to exchange the summation and the fractional operator to give

n=0(λ)nn!Dzαβ;μ;p;mzα1(1z)λntn=1tλDzαβ;μ;p;mzα11z1tλ.

The result then follows by applying Theorem 3.6 to both sides of the last identity.□

Theorem 4.2

Let ℜ(λ) > 0, ℜ(γ) > 0 and ℜ(β) > ℜ(α) > − 12 . Then we have

n=0(λ)nn!Fμγn,α+12;β+1;z;p;mtn=1tλF1,μα+12,γ,λ;β+1;z;zt1t;p;m.|z|<1;|t|<|1z|;|z||t|<|1t|

Proof

Considering the following identity

[1(1z)t]λ=(1t)λ1+zt1tλ

and expanding its left-hand side as a power series, we get

n=0(λ)nn!(1z)ntn=(1t)λ1zt1tλ(|t|<|1z|).

Multiplying both sides by zα−1(1 − z)γ and applying the definition of the extended Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative operator Dzαβ,μ;p;m on both sides, we find

Dzαβ;μ;p;mn=0(λ)nn!zα1(1z)γ(1z)ntn=Dzαβ;μ;p;m(1t)λzα1(1z)γ1zt1tλ.

The given conditions are found to allow us to exchange the order of the summation and the fractional derivative to yield

n=0(λ)nn!Dzαβ;μ;p;mzα1(1z)γ+ntn=(1t)λDzαβ;μ;p;mzα1(1z)γ1zt1tλ.

Finally the result follows by using Theorems 3.6 and 3.7.□

Theorem 4.3

Let ξ>δ>12,β>α>12 and ℜ(λ) > 0. Then we have

n=0(λ)nn!Fμλ+n,α+12;β+1;z;p;mFμn,δ+12;ξ+1;u;p;mtn=1tλF2,μλ,α+12,δ+12;β+1,ξ+1;z1t,ut1t;p;m.|z|<1;1u1zt<1;z1t+ut1t<1

Proof

Replacing t by (1 − u)t in (48) and multiplying both sides of the resulting identity by uδ−1 gives

n=0(λ)nn!Fμλ+n,α+12;β+1;z;p;muδ11untn=uδ111utλFμλ,α+12;β+1;z1(1u)t;p;m.λ>0,β>α>12

Applying the fractional derivative Duδξ,μ;p;m to both sides of the resulting identity and changing the order of the summation and the fractional derivative yields

n=0(λ)nn!Fμλ+n,α+12;β+1;z;p;mDuδξ,μ;p;muδ1(1u)ntn=Duδξ,μ;p;muδ1[1(1u)t]λFμλ,α+12;β+1;z1(1u)t;p;m.|(1u)t|<1;|ut|<|1t|

The last identity can be written as follows:

n=0(λ)nn!Fμλ+n,α+12;β+1;z;p;mDuδξ,μ;p;muδ1(1u)ntn=1tλDuδξ,μ;p;muδ11ut1tλFμλ,α+12;β+1;z1t1ut1t;p;m.

Finally the use of Theorems 3.6 and 3.9 in the resulting identity is seen to give the desired result.□

5 Mellin transforms and further results

In this section, we first obtain the Mellin transform of the extended Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative operator.

Theorem 5.1

Let ℜ(ν) < 0, m > 0, ℜ(μ) ≥ 0 and

s>maxμ,121mλm,12+νm.

Then we have the following relation

MDzν,μ;p;mzλ:s=zλν2μΓ(ν)Γ(s+μ)Γs2μ2Γλ+ms+m2+1Γν+ms+m2Γs2+μ2Γλν+2ms+m+1=zλν2μΓ(ν)Γs+μΓs2μ2Γs2+μ2Bλ+ms+m2+1,ν+ms+m2. (49)

Proof

Taking the Mellin transform and using Lemma 3.3, we have

M[Dzν,μ;p;mzλ:s]=0ps1Dzν,μ;p;mzλdp=zλνΓ(ν)0ps1Bμλ+32,ν+12;p;mdp.

Applying Theorem 2.6 to the last integral yields the desired result.□

Theorem 5.2

Let ℜ(ν) < 0, m > 0, ℜ(μ) ≥ 0, |z| < 1 and

(s)>maxμ,121m,12+νm.

Then we have the following relation

MDzν,μ;p;m1zα:s=zν2μΓ(ν)Γs+μΓs2μ2Γs2+μ2Bms+m2+1,ν+ms+m2×2F1α,ms+m2+1;ν+2ms+m+1;z, (50)

where 2F1 is a well known Gauss hypergeometric function given by (28).

Proof

Using the binomial series for (1 − z)λ and Theorem 5.1 with λ = n yields

M[Dzν,μ;p;m{(1z)α}:s]=MDzν,μ;p;mn=0(α)nn!zn:s=n=0(α)nn!M[Dzν,μ;p;m{zn}:s]=n=0(α)nn!znν2μΓ(ν)Γs+μΓs2μ2Γn+ms+m2+1Γν+ms+m2Γs2+μ2Γnν+2ms+m+1.

Then the last expression is easily seen to be equal to the desired one.□

Now we present the extended Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative of zλ in terms of the Fox H-function.

Theorem 5.3

Let ℜ(p) > 0, ℜ(μ) ≥ 0, ℜ(ν) < 0 and m > 0. Then we have

Dzν,μ;p;mzλ=zλν2μΓ(ν)H2,44,0p(μ2,12),(λν+m+1,2m)μ,1,(μ2,12),(λ+m2+1,m),(ν+m2,m).

Proof

The result can be obtained by taking the inverse Mellin transform of the result in Lemma 3.3 with the aid of Theorem 2.7.□

Applying the result in Theorem 3.3 to the Maclaurin series of ez and the series expression of the Gauss hypergeometric function 2F1 gives the extended Riemann-Liouville fractional derivatives of ez and 2F1 asserted by the following theorems.

Theorem 5.4

If ℜ(ν) < 0, then we have

Dzν,μ;p;m{ez}=zνΓ(ν)n=0Bμn+32,ν+12;p;mznn!.

Theorem 5.5

If ℜ(ν) < 0, then we have

Dzν,μ;p;m2F1(a,b;c;z)=zνΓ(ν)n=0(a)n(b)n(c)nBμn+32,ν+12;p;mznn!|z|<1.

Acknowledgement

The research of J.J. Nieto has been partially supported by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain under grants MTM2016–75140–P, MTM2013–43014–P, Xunta de Galicia, Grants GRC2015-004 and R2016-022, and co-financed by the European Community fund FEDER.

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Received: 2017-11-16
Accepted: 2017-11-30
Published Online: 2017-12-29

© 2017 Agarwal et al.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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