Microplásticos y nanoplásticos: una amenaza para la salud humana y el medio ambiente
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Los microplásticos y nanoplásticos representan una amenaza para la salud humana y el medio ambiente. Estos fragmentos a escala nanométrica y micrométrica provienen de diversas fuentes de generación, todas ellas resultado de actividades humanas y productos fabricados por el hombre. Las repercusiones para la salud humana y el medio ambiente son preocupantes y debido a su naturaleza química, estos presentan desafíos significativos para su detección y eliminación debido a poder actuar como vectores para la transferencia de contaminantes químicos y biológicos. En cuanto a los métodos de identificación y eliminación, actualmente se exploran enfoques físicos, químicos y biotecnológicos. Sin embargo, aún se necesita investigar a profundidad, para mejorar la eficacia y la viabilidad de estas técnicas en la escala necesaria para abordar el problema. La gestión de los microplásticos y nanoplásticos representa un desafío multifacético, el cual requiere una acción coordinada para mitigar sus impactos negativos. En la presente revisión se aborda el daño potencial causado por los micro y nanoplásticos a la salud humana y al equilibrio medioambiental, las fuentes de generación, los métodos fisicoquímicos para su identificación y las posibles rutas de eliminación.
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Mundo Nano. Revista Interdisciplinaria en Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, editada por la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, se distribuye bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional.
Basada en una obra en http://www.mundonano.unam.mx.
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