Comparison of COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Tracheostomised Patients: Complications, Survival, and Mortality Risk Factors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Objectives
2.2. Study Design and Inclusion Criteria
2.3. Variables
2.4. Description of the Procedures
2.5. Ethical Aspects
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. COVID-19 Tracheostomised Patients
3.2. Non-COVID-19 Tracheostomised Patients (Historical Cohort)
3.3. Comparison Between COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Tracheostomised Patients
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- McGrath, B.A.; Brenner, M.J.; Warrillow, S.J.; Pandian, V.; Arora, A.; Cameron, T.S.; Añon, J.M.; Hernández Martínez, G.; Truog, R.D.; Block, S.D.; et al. Tracheostomy in the COVID-19 era: Global and multidisciplinary guidance. Lancet Respir. Med. 2020, 8, 717–725. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Mecham, J.C.; Thomas, O.J.; Pirgousis, P.; Janus, J.R. Utility of Tracheostomy in Patients With COVID-19 and Other Special Considerations. Laryngoscope 2020, 130, 2546–2549. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ferro, A.; Kotecha, S.; Auzinger, G.; Yeung, E.; Fan, K. Systematic review and meta-analysis of tracheostomy outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2020, 59, 1013–1023. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Staibano, P.; Levin, M.; McHugh, T.; Gupta, M.; Sommer, D.D. Association of Tracheostomy With Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Among Health Care ProfessionalsA Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 2021, 147, 646–655. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Brioni, M.; Meli, A.; Grasselli, G. Mechanical Ventilation for COVID-19 Patients. Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2022, 43, 405–416. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Klotz, R.; Probst, P.; Deininger, M.; Klaiber, U.; Grummich, K.; Diener, M.K.; Weigand, M.A.; Büchler, M.W.; Knebel, P. Percutaneous versus surgical strategy for tracheostomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of perioperative and postoperative complications. Langenbeck’s Arch. Surg. 2018, 403, 137–149. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Trudzinski, F.C.; Neetz, B.; Bornitz, F.; Müller, M.; Weis, A.; Kronsteiner, D.; Herth, F.J.F.; Sturm, N.; Gassmann, V.; Frerk, T.; et al. Risk Factors for Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation and Weaning Failure: A Systematic Review. Respiration 2022, 101, 959–969. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fase Ascendente de la Pandemia. Atlas Nacional de España. 2024. Available online: http://atlasnacional.ign.es/wane/Fase_ascendente_de_la_pandemia (accessed on 30 August 2024).
- Mesalles-Ruiz, M.; Hamdan, M.; Huguet-Llull, G.; Penella, A.; Portillo, A.; Bagudà, E.; Capelleras, M.; Caballero, J.M.; Golet, M.; Fulla, M.; et al. Outcomes and survival of tracheostomised patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in a third level hospital. Eur. Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryngol. 2022, 279, 3095–3103. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Meister, K.D.; Pandian, V.; Hillel, A.T.; Walsh, B.K.; Brodsky, M.B.; Balakrishnan, K.; Best, S.R.; Chinn, S.B.; Cramer, J.D.; Graboyes, E.M.; et al. Multidisciplinary Safety Recommendations After Tracheostomy During COVID-19 Pandemic: State of the Art Review. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 2021, 164, 984–1000. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, J.; Huang, D.Q.; Zou, B.; Yang, H.; Hui, W.Z.; Rui, F.; Yee, N.T.S.; Liu, C.; Nerurkar, S.N.; Kai, J.C.Y.; et al. Epidemiology of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes. J. Med. Virol. 2021, 93, 1449–1458. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Huang, Y.; Lu, Y.; Huang, Y.-M.; Wang, M.; Ling, W.; Sui, Y.; Zhao, H.-L. Obesity in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Metabolism. 2020, 113, 154378. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Singh, R.; Rathore, S.S.; Khan, H.; Karale, S.; Chawla, Y.; Iqbal, K.; Bhurwal, A.; Tekin, A.; Jain, N.; Mehra, I.; et al. Association of Obesity With COVID-19 Severity and Mortality: An Updated Systemic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression. Front. Endocrinol. 2022, 13, 780872. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Barkhordarian, M.; Behbood, A.; Ranjbar, M.; Rahimian, Z.; Prasad, A. Overview of the cardio-metabolic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Endocrine 2023, 80, 477–490. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Monteiro, A.C.; Suri, R.; Emeruwa, I.O.; Stretch, R.J.; Cortes-Lopez, R.Y.; Sherman, A.; Lindsay, C.C.; Fulcher, J.A.; Goodman-Meza, D.; Sapru, A.; et al. Obesity and smoking as risk factors for invasive mechanical ventilation in COVID-19: A retrospective, observational cohort study. PLoS ONE 2020, 15, e0238552. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, B.; Li, R.; Lu, Z.; Huang, Y. Does comorbidity increase the risk of patients with covid-19: Evidence from meta-analysis. Aging 2020, 12, 6049–6057. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Grasselli, G.; Greco, M.; Zanella, A.; Albano, G.; Antonelli, M.; Bellani, G.; Bonanomi, E.; Cabrini, L.; Carlesso, E.; Castelli, G.; et al. Risk Factors Associated with Mortality among Patients with COVID-19 in Intensive Care Units in Lombardy, Italy. JAMA Intern. Med. 2020, 180, 1345–1355. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chiesa-Estomba, C.M.; Lechien, J.R.; Calvo-henríquez, C. Systematic review of international guidelines for tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients. Oral Oncol. 2020, 108, 104844. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Harrison, L.; Ramsden, J. Tracheostomy guidance during the COVID-19. Pandemic Guidance for Surgical Tracheostomy and Tracheostomy Tube Change during the COVID-19 Pandemic. ENT UK 2020. Available online: https://www.entuk.org/news_and_events/news/59/tracheostomy_guidance_during_the_covid19_pandemic/ (accessed on 30 September 2020).
- Díaz de Cerio Canduela, P.; Ferrandis Perepérez, E.; Parente Arias, P.; López Álvarez, F.; Sistiaga Suarez, J.A. Recomendaciones de la Sociedad Española de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello para la realización de traqueotomías en relación con pacientes infectados por coronavirus COVID-19. Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española 2020, 71, 253–255. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jefatura del Estado Ley Orgánica 3/2018, De 5 De Diciembre, De Protección De Datos Personales Y Garantía De Los Derechos Digitales. BOE Legis. Consolidada 2018, BOE-A-2018, 145–252. [CrossRef]
- General Assembly of the World Medical Association World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. J. Am. Coll. Dent. 2014, 81, 14–18.
- Rosario, E.; Ross, T.; Komorowski, M.; Tolley, N. Coronavirus disease tracheostomy complications: A scoping review. J. Laryngol. Otol. 2023, 137, 7–16. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Alvi, S.; Blackwell, T.; Curran, N.R.; Germanwala, A. Comparative impact of COVID-19 infection on tracheostomy patients. Am. J. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Med. Surg. 2024, 45, 104112. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Tenforde, M.W.; Self, W.H.; Gaglani, M.; Ginde, A.A.; Douin, D.J.; Talbot, H.K. Effectiveness of mRNA Vaccination in Preventing COVID-19—Associated Invasive Mechanical Ventilation and Death—United States, March 2021—January 2022. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 2022, 71, 459–465. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lewis, N.M.; Zhu, Y.; Peltan, I.D.; Gaglani, M.; McNeal, T.; Ghamande, S.; Steingrub, J.S.; Shapiro, N.I.; Duggal, A.; Bender, W.S.; et al. Vaccine Effectiveness Against Influenza A–Associated Hospitalization, Organ Failure, and Death: United States, 2022–2023. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2024, 78, 1056–1064. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Liu, Q.; Qin, C.; Liu, M.; Liu, J. Effectiveness and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in real-world studies: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Infect. Dis. Poverty 2021, 10, 1–15. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bahk, J.; Dolan, B.; Sharma, V.; Sehmbhi, M.; Fung, J.Y.; Lee, Y.I. Characteristics and Outcomes of Tracheostomized Patients with and Without COVID-19. Crit. Care Explor. 2023, 5, E0950. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mitton, T.; Atwood, C.; Kenee, P.; Wynings, E.; Tibbetts, K.M. Predictors of Mortality in Patients With COVID-19 Undergoing Tracheotomy. Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 2023, 132, 763–769. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Mesalles-Ruiz, M.; Alonso, M.; Cruellas, M.; Plana, M.; Penella, A.; Portillo, A.; Gumucio, V.D.; González-Compta, X.; Mañós, M.; Nogués, J. Comparison of COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Tracheostomised Patients: Complications, Survival, and Mortality Risk Factors. J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14, 633. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14020633
Mesalles-Ruiz M, Alonso M, Cruellas M, Plana M, Penella A, Portillo A, Gumucio VD, González-Compta X, Mañós M, Nogués J. Comparison of COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Tracheostomised Patients: Complications, Survival, and Mortality Risk Factors. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2025; 14(2):633. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14020633
Chicago/Turabian StyleMesalles-Ruiz, Marta, Maitane Alonso, Marc Cruellas, Martí Plana, Anna Penella, Alejandro Portillo, Víctor Daniel Gumucio, Xavier González-Compta, Manel Mañós, and Julio Nogués. 2025. "Comparison of COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Tracheostomised Patients: Complications, Survival, and Mortality Risk Factors" Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 2: 633. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14020633
APA StyleMesalles-Ruiz, M., Alonso, M., Cruellas, M., Plana, M., Penella, A., Portillo, A., Gumucio, V. D., González-Compta, X., Mañós, M., & Nogués, J. (2025). Comparison of COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Tracheostomised Patients: Complications, Survival, and Mortality Risk Factors. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14(2), 633. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14020633