Helminthofauna Diversity in Synanthropic Rodents of the Emilia-Romagna Region (Italy): Implications for Public Health and Rodent Control
Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species | N° | Sex | Origin: FC | Origin: RA | N° Positive for Nematoda (%) | N° Positive for Cestoda (%) | N° Positive for Trematoda (%) | N° Positive for Polyparasitism (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R. rattus | 27 | ♂ 11 ♀ 16 | 4 | 23 | 20 (74.1%) | 6 (22.3%) | 1 (3.7%) | 14 (51.8%) |
R. norvegicus | 43 | ♂ 27 ♀ 16 | 12 | 31 | 37 (86.0%) | 6 (14%) | 0 | 22 (51.2%) |
M. musculus | 41 | ♂ 21 ♀ 20 | 6 | 35 | 19 (46.3%) | 0 | 0 | 2 (4.9%) |
Total | 111 | ♂ 59 (53.2%) ♀ 52 (46.8%) | 22 (19.8%) | 89 (80.2%) | 76 (68.5%) | 12 (10.8%) | 1 (0.9%) | 38 (34.2%) |
Parasite Species | N. Positive (%) | Host Male N° (%) | Host Female N°(%) | Total Number of Helminths | Mean Intensity | Range | Abundance | Parasite Sex Ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nippostrongylus brasiliensis | 1 (3.7%) | 1 (9.1%) | / | 1 | 1 | 0–1 | 3.7 | ♂ 0 ♀ 1 |
Heterakis spumosa | 1 (3.7%) | / | 1 (6.3%) | 1 | 1 | 0–1 | 3.7 | ♂ 0 ♀ 1 |
Syphaciamuris | 16 (59.3%) | 6 (54.5%) | 10 (62.5%) | 200 | 12.5 | 1–30 | 7.4 | ♂ 8 ♀ 192 |
Aspiculuris tetraptera | 15 (55.6%) | 6 (54.5%) | 9 (56.3%) | 159 | 10.6 | 1–38 | 5.9 | ♂ 39 ♀ 120 |
Eucoleus gastricus | 1 (3.7%) | 1 (9.1%) | / | 2 | 2 | 0–2 | 7.4 | ♂ 0 ♀ 2 |
Rodentolepis nana | 4 (14.8%) | 1 (9.1%) | 3 (18.7%) | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. |
Hymenolepis diminuta | 2 (7.4%) | 1 (9.1%) | 1 (6.3%) | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. |
Brachylaima recurva | 1 (3.7%) | / | 1 (6.3%) | 1 | 1 | 0–1 | 3.7 | N.A. |
Parasite Species | N. Positive (%) | Host Male N° (%) | Host Female N°(%) | Total Number of Helminths | Mean Intensity | Range | Abundance | Parasite Sex Ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nippostrongylus brasiliensis | 24 (55.8%) | 15 (55.5%) | 9 (56.3%) | 744 | 31 | 1–76 | 17.3 | ♂ 231 ♀ 513 |
Heligmosomoides polygyrus | 1 (2.3%) | 1 (3.7%) | / | 13 | 13 | 5–8 | 0.3 | ♂ 8 ♀ 5 |
Heterakis spumosa | 26 (60.5%) | 16 (59.3%) | 10 (62.5%) | 666 | 25.6 | 1–94 | 15.5 | ♂ 288 ♀ 378 |
Syphaciamuris | 6 (14%) | 4 (14.8%) | 2 (12.5%) | 58 | 9.7 | 1–28 | 1.3 | ♂ 7 ♀ 51 |
Aspiculuris tetraptera | 2 (4.7%) | 2 (7.4%) | / | 20 | 9 | 1–12 | 0.4 | ♂ 14 ♀ 6 |
Eucoleus gastricus | 1 (2.3%) | / | 1 (6.3%) | 4 | 4 | 0–4 | 0.1 | ♂ 0 ♀ 4 |
Hymenolepis diminuta | 6 (14%) | 5 (18.5%) | 1 (6.3%) | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. |
Parasite Species | N. Positive (%) | Host Male N° (%) | Host Female N°(%) | Total Number of Helminths | Mean Intensity | Range | Abundance | Parasite Sex Ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nippostrongylus brasiliensis | 2 (4.9%) | 1 (2.4%) | 1 (5%) | 9 | 4.5 | 1–4 | 0.2 | ♂ 4 ♀ 5 |
Heligmosoimodes polygyrus | 2 (4.9%) | / | 2 (10%) | 18 | 9 | 3–9 | 0.4 | ♂ 9 ♀ 9 |
Syphaciamuris | 1 (2.4%) | / | 1 (5%) | 1 | 1 | 0–1 | 0.02 | ♂ ♀ 1 |
Syphaciaobvelata | 16 (39%) | 10 (47.6%) | 6 (30%) | 127 | 7.9 | 1–38 | 3.1 | ♂ 21 ♀ 106 |
Trichuris muris | 1 (2.4%) | / | 1 (5%) | 3 | 3 | 0–3 | 0.1 | ♂ 0 ♀ 3 |
Coinfections | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Host | N° Positive for Polyparasitism (%) | Sm + At (%) | Sm + At + Rn (%) | Sm + Hs + Hd (%) | Sm + At + Hs (%) | Hs + Nb (%) | Hs + Nb + Hd (%) | Hs + Nb + Hp (%) | So + Nb (%) | Sm + Hp (%) |
R. rattus | 14 (51.8%) | 12 (85.7%) | 3 (21.4%) | 1 (7.1%) | / | / | / | / | / | / |
R. norvegicus | 22 (51.2%) | 2 (9.1%) | / | / | 1 (4.5%) | 17 (77.3%) | 2 (9.1%) | 1 (4.5%) | / | / |
M. musculus | 2 (4.9%) | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | 1 (50%) | 1 (50%) |
Parasites | E,A | E,A,C | E,O | E,O,C | E,T,A | E,T,A,S | E,C | A,C | T,C | T,E,C | T,A | T,O | O,C |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Samples positive (%) | 4 (8.5%) | 4 (8.5%) | 1 (2.1%) | 2 (4.3%) | 1 (2.1%) | 1 (2.1%) | 2 (4.3%) | 1 (2.1%) | 1 (2.1%) | 1 (2.1%) | 2 (4.3%) | 1 (2.1%) | 1 (2.1%) |
Parasite Order | Test | Positive | Negative | Concordance | Khoen K |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Strongylida | Macroscopic examination | 29 | 82 | 73.9% | 0.062 |
Flotation of sediment | 4 | 107 | |||
Ascaridida | Macroscopic examination | 27 | 84 | 87.4% | 0.597 |
Flotation of sediment | 15 | 96 | |||
Oxyurida | Macroscopic examination | 47 | 64 | 55.8% | 0.010 |
Flotation of sediment | 10 | 101 | |||
Enoplida | Macroscopic examination | 3 | 108 | 73.9% | 0.128 |
Flotation of sediment | 32 | 79 | |||
Cyclophillida | Macroscopic examination | 12 | 99 | 91.9% | 0.645 |
Flotation of sediment | 17 | 94 |
[11,12] | [13] | [14] | [15] | Present Paper | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Region of Italy | Tuscany and Emilia Romagna | Western Emilia Romagna | Western Sicily | Western Sicily | Eastern Emilia Romagna |
R. rattus—n. examined | 0 | 0 | 92 | 45 | 27 |
Nippostrongylusbrasiliensis | - | - | 0 | 0 | 1 (3.7%) |
Heterakis spumosa | - | - | 0 | 1 (2.22%) | 1 (3.7%) |
Syphacia muris | - | - | 38 (41.30%) | 10 (22.22%) | 16 (59.3%) |
Aspiculurus tetraptera | - | - | 3 (3.26%) | 0 | 15 (55.6%) |
Mastophorus muris | - | - | 0 | 4 (8.89%) | 0 |
Eucoleus gastricus | - | - | 0 | 0 | 1 (3.7%) |
Trichuris sp. | - | - | 1 (1.08%) | 0 | 0 |
Hymenolepis nana | - | - | 2 (2.17) | 0 | 3 (11.2%) |
Hymenolepis diminuta | - | - | 2 (2.17%) | 7 (15.56%) | 3 (11.1%) |
Brachylaima recurva | - | - | 15 (16.30%) | 0 | 1 (3.7%) |
R. norvegicus—n. examined | 74 | 23 | 2 | 0 | 43 |
Strongyloides ratti | 31 (41.89%) | 0 | 0 | - | 0 |
Nippostrongylusbrasiliensis | 0 | 14 (60.86%) | 0 | - | 24 (55.8%) |
Heligmosomoides polygirus | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | 1 (2.3%) |
Heterakis spumosa | 25 (33.78%) | 16 (69.56%) | 0 | - | 26 (60.5%) |
Syphacia muris | 0 | 2 (8.69%) | 0 | - | 6 (14%) |
Aspiculurus tetraptera | 1 (1.35%) | 2 (8.69%) | 0 | - | 2 (4.7%) |
Capillaria sp. | 0 | 1 (4.34%) | 0 | - | 1 (2.3%) |
Hymenolepis nana | 13 (17.57%) | 0 | 0 | - | 0 |
Hymenolepis diminuta | 17 (22.97%) | 16 (69.56%) | 0 | - | 6 (14%) |
Echinostoma echinatus | 0 | 1 (4.34%) | 0 | - | 0 |
Mus musculus—n. examined | 51 | 0 | 6 | 44 | 41 |
Nippostrongylusbrasiliensis | 0 | - | 0 | 0 | 2 (4.9%) |
Heligmosomoides polygirus | 0 | - | 0 | 0 | 2 (4.9%) |
Syphacia muris | 0 | - | 1 (16.67%) | 0 | 1 (2.4%) |
Syphacia obvelata | 13 (25.49%) | - | 0 | 10 (22.73) | 16 (39%) |
Aspiculurus tetraptera | 4 (7.84%) | - | 0 | 13 (29.55%) | 0 |
Protospirura muris | 3 (5.88%) | - | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Mastophorus muris | 0 | - | 0 | 5 (11.36%) | 0 |
Gongylonema musculi | 0 | - | 0 | 1 (2.27%) | 0 |
Trichuris muris | 0 | - | 0 | 4 (9.09%) | 1 (2.4%) |
Hymenolepis nana | 4 (7.84%) | - | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Himenolepis diminuta | 0 | - | 0 | 1 (2.27%) | 0 |
Rodentolepis microstoma | 0 | - | 0 | 2 (4.55) | 0 |
Catenotaenia pusilla | 3 (5.88%) | - | 0 | 1 (2.27%) | 0 |
Brachylaima sp. | 0 | - | 0 | 1 (2.77) | 0 |
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Dini, F.M.; Mazzoni Tondi, C.; Galuppi, R. Helminthofauna Diversity in Synanthropic Rodents of the Emilia-Romagna Region (Italy): Implications for Public Health and Rodent Control. Vet. Sci. 2024, 11, 585. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11110585
Dini FM, Mazzoni Tondi C, Galuppi R. Helminthofauna Diversity in Synanthropic Rodents of the Emilia-Romagna Region (Italy): Implications for Public Health and Rodent Control. Veterinary Sciences. 2024; 11(11):585. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11110585
Chicago/Turabian StyleDini, Filippo Maria, Carlotta Mazzoni Tondi, and Roberta Galuppi. 2024. "Helminthofauna Diversity in Synanthropic Rodents of the Emilia-Romagna Region (Italy): Implications for Public Health and Rodent Control" Veterinary Sciences 11, no. 11: 585. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11110585
APA StyleDini, F. M., Mazzoni Tondi, C., & Galuppi, R. (2024). Helminthofauna Diversity in Synanthropic Rodents of the Emilia-Romagna Region (Italy): Implications for Public Health and Rodent Control. Veterinary Sciences, 11(11), 585. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11110585