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哈特曼-夏克(Hartmann-Shack,H-S)波前传感器的探测误差是自适应光学系统中的一个主要误差源.本文分析了电子倍增电荷耦合器件(electron multiplying charge-coupled devices,EMCCD)的各种噪声源对H-S波前传感器质心探测误差的影响,推导了基于EMCCD的H-S波前传感器的质心探测误差的数学表达式,并进行了数值仿真和实验研究.结果表明,基于EMCCD的H-S波前传感器的质心探测误差与增益直接相关,在增益小于Pmax/(Q·Nmean)时质心探测误差随着增益的增大而减小,在增益大于Pmax/(Q·Nmean)时质心探测误差随着增益的增大而增大,其中Pmax是EMCCD的峰值电荷,Q是量子效率,Nmean是平均入射光强.
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关键词:
- 自适应光学 /
- 电子倍增电荷耦合器件 /
- 波前传感器 /
- 质心探测误差
The detection error of Hartmann-Shack (H-S) wavefront sensor is one of the main errors in adaptive optical systems. In this paper, the detection error of H-S wavefront sensor based on the electron multiplying charge-coupled devices (EMCCD) is firstly analyzed and the detection error formula is established. Furthermore, the numerical simulation and experimental results show that the centroid detection error is related to the gain of EMCCD. The centroid detection error decreases with gain increasing when the gain is lower than Pmax/(Q·Nmean). When the gain is higher than Pmax/(Q·Nmean), the centroid detection error increases with the gain increasing, where Pmax is the peak electric charge value of EMCCD, Q is quantum efficiency, Nmean is the mean number of incident photons.[1] Li C H, Xian H, Jiang W H, Rao C H, 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 4199(in Chinese) [李超宏、 鲜 浩、 姜文汉、 饶长辉 2007 物理学报 56 4199]
[2] Jiang W H, Xian H, Yang Z P, Jiang L T, Rao X J,Xu B 1998 J. Chin. Quantum Electron.15 228 (in Chinese)[姜文汉、鲜 浩、杨泽平、姜凌涛、饶学军、许 冰 1998量子电子学报 15 228]
[3] Ning Y, Yu H, Rao C H, Jiang W H 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 4717(in Chinese)[宁 禹、余 浩、周 虹、饶长辉、姜文汉 2009物理学报 58 4717]
[4] Ning Y, Zhou H, Yu H, Rao C H, Jiang W H 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 1089
[5] Li C H, Xian H, Rao C H 2006 Opt. Lett. 31 2821
[6] Rao C H, Jiang W H, Ling N 2002 Opt. Eng. 41 534
[7] Madan S K, Bhaumik B, Vasi J M 1983 IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, ED-30 694
[8] Jerram P, Pool P, Bell R, Burt D, Bowring S, Spencer S, Hazelwood M,Moody I 2001 Sensors and Camera Systems for Scientific, Industrial, and Digital Photography Applications Ⅱ San Jose, USA, 22—24 Jan. p178
[9] Tubbs R N, Baldwin J E, Mackay C D, Cox G C 2002 Astron. Astrophys. 387 L21
[10] Cao G R, Yu X 1994 Opt. Eng. 33 2321
[11] Ma X Y, Rao C H, Zheng H Q,2009 Opt. Express 17
[12] Shen F, Jiang W H 2001 High Power Laser Part. Beams 13 397(in Chinese)[沈锋、姜文汉 2001 强激光与粒子束 13 397]
[13] Hynecek J 2001 IEEE Trans. Electron. Devices 48 2238
[14] Zhou R Z 1999 Adaptive Optics(Beijing: National Defense Industrial Press) p131 (in Chinese)[周仁忠 1999自适应光学(北京:国防工业出版社)第131页]
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[1] Li C H, Xian H, Jiang W H, Rao C H, 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 4199(in Chinese) [李超宏、 鲜 浩、 姜文汉、 饶长辉 2007 物理学报 56 4199]
[2] Jiang W H, Xian H, Yang Z P, Jiang L T, Rao X J,Xu B 1998 J. Chin. Quantum Electron.15 228 (in Chinese)[姜文汉、鲜 浩、杨泽平、姜凌涛、饶学军、许 冰 1998量子电子学报 15 228]
[3] Ning Y, Yu H, Rao C H, Jiang W H 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 4717(in Chinese)[宁 禹、余 浩、周 虹、饶长辉、姜文汉 2009物理学报 58 4717]
[4] Ning Y, Zhou H, Yu H, Rao C H, Jiang W H 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 1089
[5] Li C H, Xian H, Rao C H 2006 Opt. Lett. 31 2821
[6] Rao C H, Jiang W H, Ling N 2002 Opt. Eng. 41 534
[7] Madan S K, Bhaumik B, Vasi J M 1983 IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, ED-30 694
[8] Jerram P, Pool P, Bell R, Burt D, Bowring S, Spencer S, Hazelwood M,Moody I 2001 Sensors and Camera Systems for Scientific, Industrial, and Digital Photography Applications Ⅱ San Jose, USA, 22—24 Jan. p178
[9] Tubbs R N, Baldwin J E, Mackay C D, Cox G C 2002 Astron. Astrophys. 387 L21
[10] Cao G R, Yu X 1994 Opt. Eng. 33 2321
[11] Ma X Y, Rao C H, Zheng H Q,2009 Opt. Express 17
[12] Shen F, Jiang W H 2001 High Power Laser Part. Beams 13 397(in Chinese)[沈锋、姜文汉 2001 强激光与粒子束 13 397]
[13] Hynecek J 2001 IEEE Trans. Electron. Devices 48 2238
[14] Zhou R Z 1999 Adaptive Optics(Beijing: National Defense Industrial Press) p131 (in Chinese)[周仁忠 1999自适应光学(北京:国防工业出版社)第131页]
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