Abstract This article examines the poll tax (Ottoman Turkish cizye; Arabic jizya) levied on non‐Muslim subjects of the Ottoman Empire, not as a fixed, one‐dimensional tax item within the Ottoman fiscal system but as a multi‐layered administrative instrument organized around obligation, exemption and remission.
ÖZLEM BAŞARIR
wiley +1 more source
Comparative study of bioclimatic conditions in southwestern Greenland between the late 18th century and the present. [PDF]
Araźny A +4 more
europepmc +1 more source
Factors That Affect the Mechanical Strength of Archaeological Wood-A Case Study of 18th-Century Wooden Water Pipes from Bóżnicza Street in Poznań, Poland. [PDF]
Broda M +4 more
europepmc +1 more source
Imagination Will Not Be Automized: On AI Image Generators and Epistemic Oppression
Constellations, EarlyView.
Sarah Abel
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Barbara's Daughters: Women's Boxing and Social Memory in Britain
Abstract A pioneer of post‐war boxing, Barbara Buttrick fought in fairgrounds and on music‐hall stages in Britain and France before making a career in the United States during the 1950s. She fought against practical obstacles, prejudice and discrimination to become the Women's World Flyweight and Bantamweight Champion in 1957. This article examines her
Matthew Taylor
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Cortical Bone Loss in Barcelona Across Time (1st Century CE-18th Century CE) and Its Potential Relationship With Linear Enamel Hypoplasia. [PDF]
Cevallos A, Tarragó A, Rissech C.
europepmc +1 more source
Architectural Glazed Tiles Used in Ancient Chinese Screen Walls (15th-18th Century AD): Ceramic Technology, Decay Process and Conservation. [PDF]
Shen J +6 more
europepmc +1 more source
Abstract Foregrounding the role of finance, this article examines the historical production and future trajectory of the urban water crisis in Mombasa. Drawing on archival research and contemporary fieldwork, it traces how principles of full cost recovery—institutionalized during the colonial period and later reworked through postcolonial ...
Joe Williams
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A potion for prolonged life? Germes' recipe, a secret handwritten note from an 18th-century Swedish physician. [PDF]
Schultz F +5 more
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