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ECS as a punishing stimulus: Dependency on route of administration

Physiology & Behavior, 1970
Abstract Groups of rats were subjected to multiple ECS treatments administered via ear-clips (transpinnate) or electrode plugs (transcranially) in a stepdown or CER situation. Results indicate that in both behavioral situations ECS administered via ear clips or ear snaps result in the elaboration of a fear state, whereas ECS administered via ...
R P, Kesner, W E, Gibson, M J, Leclair
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“Sociology” of administration of punishment and penal practice

Vestnik Kuzbasskogo instituta, 2019
Автор анализирует современные тенденции российской судебной практики назначения уголовных наказаний, изменение состава осужденных, проблемы обеспечения правопорядка и привлечения осужденных к труду. Сокращение применения реального лишения свободы приводит к уменьшению количества осужденных в пенитенциарных учреждениях и к ухудшению их состава.
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Identification of Algorithmic Evidence in Administrative Punishment Cases

Scientific and Social Research
In the field of administrative punishment, algorithmic evidence is the immediate result obtained through the established algorithm in the operation steps of automated decision-making by the government. The intelligibility of this kind of evidence will continue to disappear with the development of artificial intelligence technology.
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Capital Punishment as Seen by a Correctional Administrator

2017
Capital punishment obscures more significant issues involved in the administration of criminal justice by furthering the notion that punishment is the simple, easy solution to the complex problem of crime. The arguments for the death penalty, in particular, throw a harsh light on the concepts of the criminal codes and the relative emphasis of each. The
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Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Administrative Punishment

PROCEEdINGS OF THE 14TH FINAL STUdENT SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE. Сборник статей конференции. 1, 2022
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Administrative punishment likelihood forecasting based on deep learning

Applied and Computational Engineering
As the economic situation becomes increasingly complex, the need for investors to avoid risks grows rapidly. For instance, the investors may encounter companies that have potential to incur violations. Once the violation is exposed, companies may face fines, warnings, or even expulsion from the stock market.
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