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Avian Analgesia

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice, 2001
Understanding behavioral indicators of pain and other assessment techniques can help one to recognize pain in birds and prompt us to treat birds with analgesics. An analgesic plan needs to include several modalities to help reduce pain in the avian patient.
J, Paul-Murphy, J W, Ludders
openaire   +2 more sources

Epidural Analgesia

American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 1991
The process of nociception, the anatomy of the epidural space, and the placement of the epidural catheter are reviewed, and the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics, analgesic efficacy, and potential adverse effects of epidurally administered narcotics and local anesthetics are discussed, as well as patient monitoring standards and solution preparation ...
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INTRAVENOUS ANALGESIA

Critical Care Clinics, 1999
Pain and its treatment are known to have adverse effects on the organism, including deterioration in myocardial, diaphragmatic, and small bowel function. The provision of adequate intravenous analgesia, and the choice of agent, can ameliorate or exacerbate these manifestations of the stress response.
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Ketamine for analgesia

British Journal of Hospital Medicine, 2012
Michael, Daley   +2 more
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Monitoring analgesia

Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology, 2006
Analgesia (pain relief) amnesia (loss of memory) and immobilisation are the three major components of anaesthesia. The perception of pain, and therefore, the need for analgesia, is individual, and the monitoring of analgesia is indirect and, in essence, of the moment.
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Essential Elements of Multimodal Analgesia in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Guidelines.

Anesthesiology Clinics, 2017
A. Beverly   +3 more
semanticscholar   +1 more source

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