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2009
Analgesia may be enhanced with non-opioid and opioid analgesics, as well as coanalgesic agents. Non-opioid analgesics and short-acting opioids in chronic pain should be limited to infrequent, intermittent use for severe pain flares. Long-term risk for gastric and renal toxicity with analgesics is minimized with opioid analgesics ...
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Analgesia may be enhanced with non-opioid and opioid analgesics, as well as coanalgesic agents. Non-opioid analgesics and short-acting opioids in chronic pain should be limited to infrequent, intermittent use for severe pain flares. Long-term risk for gastric and renal toxicity with analgesics is minimized with opioid analgesics ...
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2023
This chapter starts by desribing morphine extracted from opium and explains why it is known as one of the oldest drugs used in medicine. It considers morphine as a powerful analgesic that has various side effects, the most serious being respiratory depression, tolerance, and dependence. It also analyzes the important binding groups on morphine, such as
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This chapter starts by desribing morphine extracted from opium and explains why it is known as one of the oldest drugs used in medicine. It considers morphine as a powerful analgesic that has various side effects, the most serious being respiratory depression, tolerance, and dependence. It also analyzes the important binding groups on morphine, such as
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The opioid drugs—opium and its derivatives, particularly morphine, heroin, codeine, hydrocodone, and oxycodone—have played a unique and problematic role in the history of medicine: on the one hand, as highly effective analgesics for the relief of severe and chronic pain; on the other, as dangerously addictive substances that have led many individuals ...
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