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A Background to Background Radiation
The Physics Teacher, 2003The study of radiation at the introductory college level usually includes experiments to determine the half-life of a radioactive isotope and also a study of the absorption of nuclear radiation by metal foils. These experiments are straightforward to do using a Geiger-Müller tube and scaler, and allow for the determination of well-known constants.
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2005
Dose units are introduced including absorbed dose, equivalent dose and effective dose. Background radiation is considered, including natural and man-made components. Biological consequences of irradiation are considered, including those from high doses (deterministic effects) and those from low doses based on the deliberately conservative linear, no ...
M.I. Ojovan, W.E. Lee
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Dose units are introduced including absorbed dose, equivalent dose and effective dose. Background radiation is considered, including natural and man-made components. Biological consequences of irradiation are considered, including those from high doses (deterministic effects) and those from low doses based on the deliberately conservative linear, no ...
M.I. Ojovan, W.E. Lee
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Background Radiation in the Universe [PDF]
Transactions of the International Astronomical Union, 1988 a) Spectrum. A collaboration between US and Italian groups performed accurate observations at five wavelengths. The experiment was particularly conceived to achieve the highest possible relative accuracy, allowing an effective search for spectral distortions. The Berkeley and the Milano groups further improved the spectral coverage.
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1976 International Conference on Submillimeter Waves and Their Applications, 1976
The existence of essentially isotropic homogeneous cosmic background radiation with the spectrum of a 3 K blackbody places important limits on cosmological speculations. This radiation has been the subject of intensive experimental investigation for more than a decade.
D. P. Woody, P. L. Richards
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The existence of essentially isotropic homogeneous cosmic background radiation with the spectrum of a 3 K blackbody places important limits on cosmological speculations. This radiation has been the subject of intensive experimental investigation for more than a decade.
D. P. Woody, P. L. Richards
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On the origin of the background radiation
Astrophysics and Space Science, 1975From the assumption of a universal upper limit for the temperature of about 1012 K which is suggested by the experiences of high energy physics, it follows taking additionally into account the strong interaction between hadrons explicitly that in the earliest stage of the Universe the numbers of nucleon number by a factor of about 107.
Heinz Dehnen, H. Hoenl
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Radiation in cosmological backgrounds
Journal of Mathematical Physics, 1976The purpose of this investigation is to find the conditions for characteristic propagation of multipole radiation in Friedmann backgrounds. The radiation fields studied are Klein–Gordon scalar fields, conformally invariant scalar fields, electromagnetic fields, and gravitational fields.
Allen I. Janis, S. C. Chang
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The cosmic microwave background radiation
Reviews of Modern Physics, 1979Radio Astronomy has added greatly to our understanding of the structure and dynamics of the universe. The cosmic microwave background radiation, considered a relic of the explosion at the beginning of the universe some 18 billion years ago, is one of the most powerful aids in determining these features of the universe. This paper is about the discovery
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DarkLight radiation backgrounds
AIP Conference Proceedings, 2013We report measurements of photon and neutron radiation levels observed while transmitting a 0.43 MW electron beam through millimeter-sized apertures and during beam-on, but accelerating gradient RF-on, operation. These measurements were conducted at the Free-Electron Laser (FEL) facility of the Jefferson National Accelerator Laboratory (JLab) using a ...
N. Kalantarians +1 more
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Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
Reviews of Modern Physics, 1999Most astronomers and physicists now believe that we live in an expanding universe that evolved from an early state of extremely high density and temperature. Measurements of the spectrum and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) provide strong evidence supporting this picture. Today, the spectrum of the CMBR matches that of a 2.
David R. Wilkinson, Lyman A. Page
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