Results 81 to 90 of about 1,702,697 (182)
Money as a legally enforceable debt [PDF]
, 2018 Money is usually regarded as a subject in the domain of economists, but it is really a fundamentally legal notion. In fact, it is a creation of the law. Money is a special object of property, and at the same time a form of debt, enforceable by law which ...
Rahmatian, Andreas
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Monetary statecraft and the Bahamian SandDollar
Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, Volume 47, Issue 1, Page 131-150, January 2026.Central banks across the globe are currently engaged in an array of experimental projects with central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) that intervene in the digital transformation of payments. The Bahamas has been circulating the first‐issued CBDC since 2020, Project SandDollar (PSD), to advance financial inclusion in the archipelagic state.
Jing Chu
wiley +1 more source
Robust and Efficient Boosting Method using the Conditional Risk
, 2017 Well-known for its simplicity and effectiveness in classification, AdaBoost, however, suffers from overfitting when class-conditional distributions have significant overlap. Moreover, it is very sensitive to noise that appears in the labels. This article
Dang, Xin +3 more
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Designing Physical Unclonable Functions From Optically Active Materials
Advanced Materials, Volume 37, Issue 49, December 10, 2025.Assigning unforgeable “fingerprints” to manufactured goods is a key strategy to fight global counterfeiting. Optical physical unclonable functions (PUFs) are chemically generated random patterns of optically active materials serving as unique authenticators.
Maxime Klausen +2 more
wiley +1 more source
Handicapping currency design: counterfeit deterrence and visual accessibility in the United States and abroad [PDF]
Despite the increasing use of electronic payments, currency retains an important role in the payments system of every country. Two aspects of currency usage drive currency design worldwide: deterring counterfeiting and making paper currency accessible to
Marcela M. Williams, Richard G. Anderson
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Southeast Europe Journal of Soft Computing, 2019 Transfer learning introduces the ability to perform deep learning models over a small set of data. This paper investigates the utilization of three fine-tuned Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), namely, Alexnet, Googlenet, and Vgg16.
Ali Abd Almisreb, M. A. Saleh
semanticscholar +1 more source
Density Peaks Clustering Based on Weighted Density Estimating and Multicluster Merging
CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology, Volume 10, Issue 6, Page 1919-1933, December 2025.ABSTRACT Density peaks clustering (DPC) is a density‐based clustering algorithm that identifies cluster centres by constructing decision graphs and allocates noncluster centres. Although DPC does not require specifying cluster numbers in advance, the local density is affected by the distribution of data points.
Xinran Zhou +4 more
wiley +1 more source
A New Oscillating-Error Technique for Classifiers
, 2017 This paper describes a new method for reducing the error in a classifier. It uses an error correction update that includes the very simple rule of either adding or subtracting the error adjustment, based on whether the variable value is currently larger ...
Greer, Kieran
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Greek Monetary Economics in Retrospect: The Adventures of the Drachma [PDF]
This paper enumerates the adventures of the drachma step by step, dividing its story into seven parts. Specifically, its main purpose is to present some historical perspective on the behaviour of the monetary and fiscal policies pursued in Greece during ...
Sophia
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U.S. currency at home and abroad [PDF]
Dollar, American ...
Marcela M. Williams, Richard G. Anderson
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