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Metallurgical Process Simulation and Optimization-2nd Volume. [PDF]

Materials (Basel)
Zhang J, Tang J, Liu Q.
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Impact of distilled water dealkalization on the geotechnical behavior of red mud. [PDF]

PLoS One
Çimen Ö, Günaydın Hİ.
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Extraction and Utilization of Valuable Elements from Bauxite and Bauxite Residue: A Review

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2022
Bauxite is the ideal raw material for the manufacturing of alumina. Aside from the primary constituents of aluminum and silicon, bauxite is frequently coupled with many valuable elements such as gallium (Ga), titanium (Ti), scandium (Sc), and lithium (Li).
Yang, Chen, Ting-An, Zhang, Guozhi, Lv, Xi, Chao, Xuewei, Yang   +4 more
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Dealkalization processes of bauxite residue: A comprehensive review

Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2021
Bauxite residue is a kind of strong alkaline waste produced in the production of alumina. Its long-term storage poses a potential threat to the environment. With the tightening of environment policies in various countries, the strong alkalinity of bauxite residue has become a bottleneck restricting the sustainable development of aluminum industry all ...
Fei, Lyu, Yuehua, Hu, Li, Wang, Wei, Sun
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Applications of bauxite residue: A mini-review

Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy, 2017
Bauxite residue is the waste generated during alumina production by Bayer’s process. The amount of bauxite residue (40–50 wt%) generated depends on the quality of bauxite ore used for the processing. High alkalinity and high caustic content in bauxite residue causes environmental risk for fertile soil and ground water contamination. The caustic (NaOH)
Ajay S, Verma, Narendra M, Suri, Suman, Kant   +2 more
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Potential Application of Treated Bauxite Residue

2021
Bauxite residue is a significant industrial solid waste residue produced by the Bayer process for the extraction of alumina from bauxite ores. It is usually disposed off in the form of slurry in the nearby areas of the alumina industry. About 400 million tons of bauxite residues are produced annually worldwide.
Sujeet Kumar, Abhay Kumar Verma, Arun Prasad   +2 more
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Bauxite residue issues: II. options for residue utilization

Hydrometallurgy, 2011
Abstract Worldwide bauxite residue disposal areas contain an estimated 2.7 billion tonnes of residue, increasing by approximately 120 million tonnes per annum. The question of what to do with bauxite residue arose with the development of the Bayer process for alumina refining and the recognition that it generated a large amount of waste material.
Klauber, Craig, Gräfe, M., Power, G.
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In situ neutralisation of uncarbonated bauxite residue mud by cross layer leaching with carbonated bauxite residue mud

Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2011
Unameliorated residue mud from the Bayer process generates highly alkaline leachates (pH ca. 13) after deposition in storage areas. Pre-deposition treatment of bauxite residue mud (BRM) with CO(2) gas (carbonation) lowers leachate pH to ca. 10.5. Laboratory scale leaching columns were used to investigate the potential for in situ pH reduction in ...
Santini, T. C., Hinz, C., Rate, A. W., Carter, C. M., Gilkes, R. J.   +4 more
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Bauxite Residue Management

2012
With some two to four tonnes of bauxite residue arising for every tonne of aluminium produced, the management of bauxite residue (or Red Mud) has always been a significant issue for the aluminium industry. However, the tragic fatal incident in Ajka, Hungary in October 2010 has reinforced the need for safe and effective management of storage areas ...
Ken Evans, Eirik Nordheim, Katy Tsesmelis   +2 more
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Kinetics of Bauxite Residue Sintering

2018
In the Bayer process for alumina production, between 2–35% Al2O3 is lost with bauxite residue due primarily to incomplete dissolution of aluminium-bearing minerals during caustic leaching or the precipitation of sodium alumino-silicate solids. The recovery of sodium and aluminium from the residue, and particularly from the contained sodium alumino ...
Harrison Hodge, William Hawker, Peter Hayes, James Vaughan   +3 more
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