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Benzalkonium Chloride in Glaucoma Medications
The Ocular Surface, 2011Benzalkonium chloride (BAK) is the preservative used most commonly in eye drops. Although it is effective as an antimicrobial and antifungal agent, both in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated adverse effects on surface epithelial cell populations.
Robert, Noecker, Kimberly V, Miller
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Nasal Toxicity of Benzalkonium Chloride
American Journal of Rhinology, 2004BackgroundBenzalkonium chloride (BAC) is added to nasal preparations to prevent microbial contamination. Adverse effects of BAC on human nasal mucosa should be evaluated.MethodsThe ciliotoxicity of BAC was assessed in isolated human nasal epithelia from 15 donors.
Herbert, Riechelmann +4 more
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Sensitization Prevalence for Benzalkonium Chloride and Benzethonium Chloride
Dermatitis, 2012Benzalkonium chloride (BAK) and benzethonium chloride (BEC) are well-characterized skin irritants and rare sensitizers, but optimal testing for allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is not established.Sensitization prevalence was sought, and several patch testing concentrations and vehicles were compared.One hundred forty-two patients tested to the ...
Harry, Dao +2 more
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Microencapsulation of benzalkonium chloride
International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 1992Abstract A method based on the interfacial polycondensation of isocyanates has been used to prepare microcapsules containing an aqueous solution of benzalkonium chloride. Since the compound to be encapsulated is amphiphilic, particular attention was paid to the formulation of a starting system for encapsulation.
A.M. Pensé +3 more
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Pulmonary Toxicity of Benzalkonium Chloride
Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery, 2018The available toxicity data of benzalkonium chloride (BKC) clearly shows that it is toxic; however, the weight of evidence favors the view that at doses encountered in nasally and orally inhaled pharmaceutical preparations it is well tolerated. The adverse toxicological data predominantly come from in vitro and animal studies in which doses and ...
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