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Perfluorocarbons as blood substitutes
Annals of Emergency Medicine, 1986The development of perfluorocarbon (PFC) solutions as clinically useful oxygen-carrying agents has been a slow process because PFC is immiscible in aqueous solutions, including blood. Therefore, it has been necessary to develop emulsions for IV infusions.
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Artificial Cells, Blood Substitutes, and Biotechnology, 1998
Soluble polymerized haemoglobin (polyhaemoglobin) is now in a phase III clinical trials. Patients have received up to 20 units (10 litres) in trauma surgery and other surgery. Polyhaemoglobin can be stored for more than 1 year. Haemoglobin solutions have no blood group antigen and can be used as a 'universal donor' oxygen carrier.
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Soluble polymerized haemoglobin (polyhaemoglobin) is now in a phase III clinical trials. Patients have received up to 20 units (10 litres) in trauma surgery and other surgery. Polyhaemoglobin can be stored for more than 1 year. Haemoglobin solutions have no blood group antigen and can be used as a 'universal donor' oxygen carrier.
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Biological Reviews, 1937
Summary Solutions of crystalloids cannot be considered as substitutes for mammalian blood since they quickly leave the blood stream and are unable to maintain blood volume and pressure. This is true even of hypertonic solutions. The only effective blood substitutes are those which contain sufficient colloidal material to give a colloidal osmotic ...
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Summary Solutions of crystalloids cannot be considered as substitutes for mammalian blood since they quickly leave the blood stream and are unable to maintain blood volume and pressure. This is true even of hypertonic solutions. The only effective blood substitutes are those which contain sufficient colloidal material to give a colloidal osmotic ...
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The Search for Blood Substitutes
Scientific American, 1998M L, Nucci, A, Abuchowski
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The Efficiency of Blood Substitution
American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 1948H, WALLERSTEIN, S S, BRODIE
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Construction and Evaluation of Hemoglobin‐Based Capsules as Blood Substitutes
Advanced Functional Materials, 2012Yi Jia, Jinbo Fei, Luru Dai
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