Results 271 to 280 of about 16,076,570 (308)
Some of the next articles are maybe not open access.
2013
Individuals differ not only in background characteristics, often called “pretreatment heterogeneity,” but also in how they respond to a particular treatment, event, or intervention. A principal interaction of interest for questions of selection into treatment and causal inference in the social sciences is between the treatment and the propensity of ...
Jennie E. Brand, Juli Simon Thomas
openaire +1 more source
Individuals differ not only in background characteristics, often called “pretreatment heterogeneity,” but also in how they respond to a particular treatment, event, or intervention. A principal interaction of interest for questions of selection into treatment and causal inference in the social sciences is between the treatment and the propensity of ...
Jennie E. Brand, Juli Simon Thomas
openaire +1 more source
Estimating the causal effect of R&D subsidies in a pan-European program
Research Policy, 2019We investigate the effect of Europe's largest multilateral subsidy program for R&D-performing small and medium-sized enterprises. The program applied a specific budget allocation rule, referred to as Virtual Common Pot (VCP), which is designed to avoid ...
Paul Hünermund, D. Czarnitzki
semanticscholar +1 more source
The Balanced Survivor Average Causal Effect
The International Journal of Biostatistics, 2013: Statistical analysis of longitudinal outcomes is often complicated by the absence of observable values in patients who die prior to their scheduled measurement. In such cases, the longitudinal data are said to be “truncated by death” to emphasize that the longitudinal measurements are not simply missing, but are undefined after death.
Greene, Tom +4 more
openaire +2 more sources
Causal effect of alcohol consumption on hyperuricemia using a Mendelian randomization design
International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases, 2019We used a Mendelian randomization analysis to assess the causal effect of alcohol consumption on hyperuricemia in Koreans.
Y. Jee +4 more
semanticscholar +1 more source
Causal Discovery and Causal Effect Identification
Understanding how changes in an environment affect outcomes is at the core of causal inference. Unlike standard prediction tasks that capture associations between variables, causal inference aims to reveal what happens when we intervene in a system. In this field, there is a common pipeline consisting of two main problems: causal discovery and causal ...openaire +1 more source
Granger-Causality and Policy Effectiveness
Economica, 1984It is generally recognized that, if a set of monetary and fiscal policy variables Granger-cause1 real economic variables, this does not imply that alternative deterministic rules for determining the values of these policy instruments will alter the joint density function of the real variables.2 It has, however, also been asserted that (letting X denote
openaire +1 more source
2 Interventions, Causal Effects, and Causal Relevance
2007AbstractThis chapter presents and explicates several concepts—namely, those listed in the chapter title—concerning causality and probability that play a fundamental role in the treatment of extrapolation in heterogeneous populations developed in the remainder of the book.
openaire +1 more source
Two metamodels of causal effects
Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 1991Two metamodels, termed Model S and Model V, are proposed for definition, measurement, and generalization of quantitative causal effects. The effect is defined as a part change in score in Model S and as a part change in variance in Model V. Two additional changes, total and remainder change, are defined.
openaire +2 more sources
Causality, Effectiveness, Determinism
2013The author describes his conception of the relationship of such philosophical concepts as causality, effectiveness and determinism. The notions of material causality and teleonomic causality are compared. The study shows the difference between the doctrines of monocausalism and conditionalism. Causality is interpreted as a special case of effectiveness,
openaire +1 more source