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CLOSTRIDIUM | Detection of Neurotoxins of Clostridium botulinum

, 2014
Botulism is caused by an exotoxin produced by the sporeforming bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Of the seven different toxin types, A, B, and E are the types commonly implicated in foodborne outbreaks of botulism. Clostridium botulinum toxins are extremely potent neurotoxins and generally occur at low concentrations in implicated foods.
Notermans, S.H.W., Stam, C.N., Behar, A.E.   +2 more
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Clostridium botulinum

, 2013
What is Clostridium botulinum, it's symptoms, and how to prevent ...
Kathleen Glass, Kristin Marshall
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CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM

Journal of the American Medical Association, 1922
The importance of Clostridium botulinum as a cause of food poisoning, and probably food infection, justifies extensive study of its distribution. At frequent intervals it has been reported in the intestinal contents of both apparently healthy and diseased animals and human beings.
FRED W. TANNER, GAIL M. DACK
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On the Discovery of Clostridium botulinum

Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 1999
A description is given of a food intoxication in 1895 at Ellezelles, a village in Belgium. As a result 3 persons died within a few days and others became seriously ill. A thorough investigation by E. van Ermengem led to the discovery of Clostridium botulinum and botulinum toxin.
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Clostridium botulinum toxins

International Journal of Food Microbiology, 1990
Abstract Structure, activation, destruction, lethality, genesis, neurotoxic action and medical application of botulinal toxins are reviewed.
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Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium perfringens

2007
Clostridium is a diverse genus of Gram-positive, endospore-bearing obligate anaerobes that are widespread in the environment. This genus includes more than 100 species, and the overall range in the G+C content (22–55 mol%) reflects the enormous phylogenetic variation encompassed within this group.
Jim McLauchlin, Kathie A. Grant
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Bacteriophages of Clostridium botulinum

Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 1972
Temperate bacteriophages of diverse morphology were demonstrated by electron microscopy in toxigenic cultures of Clostridium botulinum. The 41 strains examined included 23 type E and multiple representatives of all other types. Cultures induced with mitomycin-C generally gave better yields, but phages were also demonstrable in untreated cultures.A ...
C E, Dolman, E, Chang
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Immunofluorescent Identification of Clostridium botulinum

Nature, 1964
THE detection of Clostridium botulinum usually involves culturing the suspect sample, and then testing the culture for the presence of botulinum toxin. The toxin is identified by mouse protection tests using specific botulinum antitoxins1, a procedure complicated by the known existence of six different types of Cl.
M, BOOTHROYD, D L, GEORGALA
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[Clostridium botulinum and botulinum neurotoxin].

Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo, 2011
Clostridium botulinum is a gram-positive anaerobic rod that forms endospores. This bacterium produces large molecular toxin complexes, namely botulinum toxin complexes (progenitor toxins). It (L toxin complex) is composed of a single neurotoxin molecule (BoNT with a molecular weight of 150 kDa), a single nontoxic nonhemagglutinin molecule (NTNHA), and ...
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Bacteriophages of Clostridium botulinum

Journal of Virology, 1968
K, Inoue, H, Iida
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