Results 191 to 200 of about 4,442 (238)
Some of the next articles are maybe not open access.
The Energy Journal, 1980
The relative quantities of coal, petroleum (plus natural gas liquids), and natural gas proved and currently available in the United States are 18 X 1015 British thermal units (Btu), 3.7 X 1015 Btu, and 2.5 X 1015 Btu, respectively. The relative total recoverable resources are 134 X 1015 Btu for coal, 11.2 X 1015 Btu for petro- leum, and 9.5 X 1015 Btu ...
openaire +1 more source
The relative quantities of coal, petroleum (plus natural gas liquids), and natural gas proved and currently available in the United States are 18 X 1015 British thermal units (Btu), 3.7 X 1015 Btu, and 2.5 X 1015 Btu, respectively. The relative total recoverable resources are 134 X 1015 Btu for coal, 11.2 X 1015 Btu for petro- leum, and 9.5 X 1015 Btu ...
openaire +1 more source
1981
The liquefaction of coal requires primarily an increase in the proportion of hydrogen to carbon by weight two-or three-fold and the atomic H/C ratio may be increased from 0.7 to up to about 2.5. In addition, the very large complex molecular structure of the coal, containing a few thousand atoms, needs to be broken down into chemical structures ...
L. Grainger, J. Gibson
openaire +1 more source
The liquefaction of coal requires primarily an increase in the proportion of hydrogen to carbon by weight two-or three-fold and the atomic H/C ratio may be increased from 0.7 to up to about 2.5. In addition, the very large complex molecular structure of the coal, containing a few thousand atoms, needs to be broken down into chemical structures ...
L. Grainger, J. Gibson
openaire +1 more source
Coal liquefaction and catalysis
Fuel, 1994Abstract There appears to be considerable potential for improving the processing and economics of direct coal liquefaction through the development and application of highly dispersed catalysts, where the aims are to promote the process of primary coal dissolution, and produce a solubilized product that can be readily upgraded in a second stage over a
F DERBYSHIRE, T HAGER
openaire +1 more source
Fuel, 1986
Abstract Recycle distillates from a coal liquefaction continuous pilot plant, which used prehydrogenated anthracene oil as a start-up solvent and up to seven successive passes over an operation time of 800 h, were analysed by 13 C and 1 H n.m.r. to give average structure and molecular parameters.
Jean-Jacques Delpuech +4 more
openaire +1 more source
Abstract Recycle distillates from a coal liquefaction continuous pilot plant, which used prehydrogenated anthracene oil as a start-up solvent and up to seven successive passes over an operation time of 800 h, were analysed by 13 C and 1 H n.m.r. to give average structure and molecular parameters.
Jean-Jacques Delpuech +4 more
openaire +1 more source
Catalysis of Coal Liquefaction
1988The catalysis of coal liquefaction encompasses many reactions, conditions and catalytic and support materials. Catalytic processes for direct liquefaction of coal recently piloted or demonstrated such as H-coal, have used conventional hydrotreating or hydrofining catalysts such as alumina supported Co-mo1ybdate.
openaire +1 more source
1983
This paper presents a brief state of the art review of direct coal liquefaction. The review includes important pilot scale processes available for the liquefaction an a brief description of the structure of coal and the chemistry, mechanism and available lumped kinetic models for the liquefaction process.
Y. T. Shah, P. C. Singh, A. Calimli
openaire +1 more source
This paper presents a brief state of the art review of direct coal liquefaction. The review includes important pilot scale processes available for the liquefaction an a brief description of the structure of coal and the chemistry, mechanism and available lumped kinetic models for the liquefaction process.
Y. T. Shah, P. C. Singh, A. Calimli
openaire +1 more source
Fuel, 1982
Abstract The effect on liquefaction of the blending of two coals of different rank has been evaluated in a conventional autoclave experiment at ≈400 °C by the solvent-refined coal (SRC) method as well as by short-contact-time hydrogenation at temperatures up to 550 °C without solvent and using a specially designed cylindrical autoclave.
openaire +1 more source
Abstract The effect on liquefaction of the blending of two coals of different rank has been evaluated in a conventional autoclave experiment at ≈400 °C by the solvent-refined coal (SRC) method as well as by short-contact-time hydrogenation at temperatures up to 550 °C without solvent and using a specially designed cylindrical autoclave.
openaire +1 more source
Filtration in coal liquefaction.
Fuel, 1985James W. Clarke, Terry D. Rantell
openaire +1 more source
1988
Coal liquefaction reactions include several types which are related to the thermal or degradation reactions of the coal itself or to subsequent reactions of the coal fragments. When coal liquefaction is conducted in a liquid phase, i.e., in the presence of a solvent, dissolution is usually considered an essential first step.
openaire +1 more source
Coal liquefaction reactions include several types which are related to the thermal or degradation reactions of the coal itself or to subsequent reactions of the coal fragments. When coal liquefaction is conducted in a liquid phase, i.e., in the presence of a solvent, dissolution is usually considered an essential first step.
openaire +1 more source
Catalysis in Coal Liquefaction
1994Publisher Summary Coal liquefaction that can provide liquid fuels at the price of current petroleum (not cost but price) is one of the most important technologies that needs to be developed. The catalyst and control of its operating conditions are still key to technology for advanced coal liquefaction.
openaire +1 more source