Results 21 to 30 of about 28,156 (75)

Cold War

, 2004
The Cold War, which began after World War II and lasted through the 1980s, was a geopolitical rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union grounded in an ideological rivalry between capitalism and communism. The Cold War raised concerns about both external and internal threats to American strength, social stability, and security, and ...
openaire   +2 more sources

Characteristics of Astronomy-Related Organizations [PDF]

Astrophys.Space Sci. 274 (2000) 733-783, 2001
Geographical distributions, ages and sizes of astronomy-related organizations have been investigated from comprehensive and up-to-date samples extracted from the master files for StarGuides/StarWorlds. Results for professional institutions, associations, planetariums, and public observatories are commented, as well as specific distributions for ...
arxiv  

The economic consequences of geopolitical fragmentation: Evidence from the Cold War [PDF]

arXiv
The Cold War was the defining episode of geopolitical fragmentation in the twentieth century. Trade between East and West across the Iron Curtain (a symbolical and physical barrier dividing Europe into two distinct areas) was restricted, but the severity of these restrictions varied over time.
arxiv  

From old wars to new wars and global terrorism [PDF]

arXiv, 2005
Even before 9/11 there were claims that the nature of war had changed fundamentally. The 9/11 attacks created an urgent need to understand contemporary wars and their relationship to older conventional and terrorist wars, both of which exhibit remarkable regularities.
arxiv  

European Defence Readiness: A Cold War 2.0 scenario analysis [PDF]

arXiv
We stress-test the European Defence Readiness in a Cold War 2.0 scenario analysis. Leveraging a general equilibrium multi-sector approach to the global economy, we simulate an abrupt decoupling from CRINK and evaluate impacts on defence readiness under changed future boundary conditions.
arxiv  

The Hot and Cold Outflows of NGC 3079 [PDF]

arXiv, 2009
Very deep neutral hydrogen (HI) observations of the edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 3079 with the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) are presented. The galaxy has been studied extensively in different wavelengths and known for its several unique and complex features.
arxiv  

Solving a Mathematical Problem in Square War: a Go-like Board Game [PDF]

arXiv, 2015
In this paper, we present a board game: Square War. The game definition of Square War is similar to the classic Chinese board game Go. Then we propose a mathematical problem of the game Square War. Finally, we show that the problem can be solved by using a method of mixed mathematics and computer science.
arxiv  

Physicists in times of war [PDF]

arXiv, 2006
Though the majority of physicists would probably not support preemptive wars, nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction would not exist without their contributions. Einstein's anti-militaristic position has been well-documented and the present essay recalls the role of some contemporary and past physicists on this issue.
arxiv  

Simulating the Spread of Influenza Pandemic of 1918-1919 Considering the Effect of the First World War [PDF]

arXiv, 2010
The Influenza Pandemic of 1918-1919, also called Spanish Flu Pandemic, was one of the severest pandemics in history. It is thought that the First World War much influenced the spread of the pandemic. In this paper, we model the pandemic considering both civil and military traffic.
arxiv  

How Large Language Models (LLMs) Extrapolate: From Guided Missiles to Guided Prompts [PDF]

arXiv
This paper argues that we should perceive LLMs as machines of extrapolation. Extrapolation is a statistical function for predicting the next value in a series. Extrapolation contributes to both GPT successes and controversies surrounding its hallucination.
arxiv