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Consumption patterns for electricity
Journal of Econometrics, 1977Abstract A substantial body of literature in economics has focused on appropriate pricing under conditions in which demand varies through time and the product supplied cannot be stored. However, only limited attention has been paid to modeling or estimating consumer demand under these conditions.
Wallace Hendricks +2 more
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Patterns of Consumption: Clothing
1981Clothing came after food and shelter in the order of priorities for expenditure. It is difficult to give any kind of ‘norm’ for expenditure on clothing over time. Professor Asa Briggs has estimated that in 1845 a working man spent 6 per cent of his income on clothes, by 1890 8 or 9 per cent, and by 1904 12 per cent.1 This, however, seems something of ...
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Patterns of Consumption in Grasslands
1979Previous chapters have focused on primary production of grasslands. Chapter 4 related consumer populations to producers in terms of biomass. We now consider the functional role of consumers and their role in ecosystem function. Consumers may have various effects on ecosystems.
James A. Scott +2 more
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1981
As the standard of living of the British population rose in the late nineteenth century, families had more to spend on a variety of goods and services. Their first priority was increased consumption of food. As Engels’s law asserts, there is a limit to what any family can spend on food, and as income rises the proportion of expenditure that goes on ...
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As the standard of living of the British population rose in the late nineteenth century, families had more to spend on a variety of goods and services. Their first priority was increased consumption of food. As Engels’s law asserts, there is a limit to what any family can spend on food, and as income rises the proportion of expenditure that goes on ...
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Patterns of Consumption: Luxuries
1981Despite increased expenditure on rents, food and clothing, the actual money surplus left in a family’s budget increased steadily from 1850 to 1914. Again taking W. A. Mackenzie’s model budgets as a starting point, after paying for food, rent, fuel and clothing her lowest decile family had 10¾d per week left for ‘sundries’ in 1860, 1s 8¾d in 1880 and 1s
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Patterns of Consumption: Shelter
1981After bodily sustenance the next priority for all classes was accommodation, and here again the poor suffered for their poverty. Just before the First World War a middle-class, well-to-do man, earning £2000 a year, might pay £250 in rent, rates and taxes, one-eighth of his income. The comfortably off gentleman on £500 a year might pay £85, one-sixth of
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Digital technologies have transformed the way many creative works are generated, disseminated and used. They have made cultural products more accessible, challenged established business models and the copyright system, and blurred the boundary between producers and consumers.
Koen van Eijck, Max Majorana
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Koen van Eijck, Max Majorana
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