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The Solvent Contrast Variation Method
1998The distinctly non-uniform distribution of atomic positions created by solvent channels in the asymmetric units of protein crystals is a defining distinction between small molecules and macromolecules. The contrast variation method is a frontal experimental attack on the problem of solving the structure of a molecular envelope.
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Asset Pricing with Contrastive Adversarial Variational Bayes
Proceedings of the Thirty-ThirdInternational Joint Conference on Artificial IntelligenceMachine learning techniques have gained considerable attention in the field of empirical asset pricing. Conditioning on a broad set of firm characteristics, one of the most popular no-arbitrage workhorses is a nonlinear conditional asset pricing model that consists of two modules within a neural network structure, i.e., factor and beta estimates, for ...
Ruirui Liu 0002 +2 more
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Contrastive Learning via Variational Information Bottleneck
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine IntelligenceRecent advances in self-supervised learning have witnessed great achievements, especially with the introduction of contrastive learning, where the goal is to maximize the mutual information between different augmentations of the same image, i.e., positive pairs. However, such optimization does not necessarily correspond to optimal representation due to
Jin Li 0057 +7 more
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Variation of Network Contrast with Height
2009The bright Ca II H&K emission network known as “chromospheric network” outlines supergranulation cells. Convective motions in the supergranules sweep the magnetic flux tubes to their edges, resulting in field concentrations and enhanced emission at the cell boundaries, which form the network.
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Variational Exposure Fusion with Optimal Local Contrast
2015In this paper, we present a variational method for exposure fusion. In particular, we combine differently exposed images to a single composite that offers optimal exposedness, saturation, and local contrast. To this end, we formulate the output image as a convex combination of the input, and design an energy functional that implements important ...
David Hafner, Joachim Weickert
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Variation in contrasting forms of ‘ memorising’ and associated observables
British Journal of Educational Psychology, 2000Background. There is a posited conceptual distinction in the student learning literature in higher education between contrasting forms of ‘ memorising’: as a process of rehearsal which is usually equated with rote learning, and as a process of committing to memory material that in two separate senses is temporally either ‘ understood’ before or after ...
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Contrast and Contrast Variation in Neutron, X-ray, and Light Scattering
The concept of scattering contrast is central to (small-angle) scattering of neutrons, X-rays, and visible light, as it defines the visibility to the radiation of the nano- and mesostructures under scrutiny, in their respective solvent or matrix. In this
Peter Schurtenberger, Julian Oberdisse
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Illusion of the curvature with contrast variations
2006The reported psychophysical experiments were intended to test the influence of the contrast changes of an equilateral triangle or square inscribed in a circle on the strength of the curvature illusion. The subjects adjusted the curvature of the arcs of the circle in order to reduce the illusion to zero, thereby producing a measure of the illusion ...
Gutauskas, Algirdas +2 more
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Variation One: Contrasting Histories
2021Peter Berger, Grace Davie, Effie Fokas
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Development of a D2O/H2O vapor generator for contrast-variation neutron scattering
Journal of Applied Crystallography, 2023K Hiroi, Iwase H
exaly