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Empirical tests in the 1990s found little evidence of poor countries catching up with rich - unconditional convergence - since the 1960s, and divergence over longer periods. This stylized fact spurred several developments in growth theory, including AK models, poverty trap models, and the concept of convergence conditional on determinants of steady ...
Michael Kremer, Jack Willis, Yang You
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Converging to Converge? A Comment [PDF]
Kremer, Willis, and You (2021) revisit cross-country convergence patterns over the last six decades. They provide evidence that the lack of convergence that applied early in the sample has now been replaced by modest convergence. They also argue this relationship is driven by convergence in various determinants of economic growth across countries and a
Daron Acemoglu, Carlos Molina
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A key economic issue is whether poor countries or regions tend to grow faster than rich ones: are there automatic forces that lead to convergence over time in the levels of per capita income and product? We use the neoclassical growth model as a framework to study convergence across the 48 contiguous U.S. states.
Barro, Robert, Sala-i-Martin, Xavier
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Weak Convergence and Weak Convergence [PDF]
Abstract In this article, we deal with weak convergence on sequences in real normed spaces, and weak* convergence on sequences in dual spaces of real normed spaces. In the first section, we proved some topological properties of dual spaces of real normed spaces. We used these theorems for proofs of Section 3.
Keiko Narita +2 more
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Manganese plays multiple role in many biological redox reactions in which it exists in different oxidation states from Mn(II) to Mn(IV). Among them the high-valent manganese-oxo intermediate plays important role in the activity of certain enzymes and ...
Mani Balamurugan +4 more
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In this study, ITO nanoparticles (ITO-NPs) were reused from ITO target scraps to synthesize low cost ITO-NPs and to apply to make sputtering target for transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs).
Sung-Jei Hong +4 more
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Vanadium-based catalysts have been used for several decades in ammonia-based selective catalytic reduction (NH3-SCR) processes for reducing NO x emissions from various stationary sources (power plants, chemical plants, incinerators, steel mills, etc ...
Bora Ye +7 more
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Deep tissue penetration of nanoparticles using pulsed-high intensity focused ultrasound
Recently, ultrasound (US)-based drug delivery strategies have received attention to improve enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect-based passive targeting efficiency of nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo conditions.
Dong Gil You +7 more
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Loosely-bound low-loss surface plasmons in hyperbolic metamaterial
Surface plasmons (SPs) carry electromagnetic energy in the form of collective oscillation of electrons at metal surface and commonly demonstrate two important features: strong lateral confinement and short propagation lengths.
Yu Shi, Hong Koo Kim
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Spectroscopic single-molecule localization microscopy: applications and prospective
Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) breaks the optical diffraction limit by numerically localizing sparse fluorescence emitters to achieve super-resolution imaging. Spectroscopic SMLM or sSMLM further allows simultaneous spectroscopy and super-
Benjamin Brenner +3 more
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