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Gauging and controlling excitability in cortical disorders

Current Opinion in Neurology
Purpose of review Cortical excitability, defined as the cortex's responsiveness to incoming stimuli, is a fundamental concept in neuroscience and a targetable mechanism for controlling brain dysfunctions such as epilepsy, as well as other neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Cecilia, Friedrichs-Maeder, Grégory, Lepeu, Maxime O, Baud   +2 more
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Probing for cortical excitability

2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2011
This paper introduces a new method for measuring cortical excitability using an electrical probing stimulus via intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG). Stimuli consisted of 100 single bi-phasic pulses, delivered every 10 minutes. Neural excitability is estimated by extracting a feature from the iEEG responses to the stimuli, which we dub the mean ...
Dean R. Freestone, Anthony N. Burkitt, Alan Lai, Timothy S. Nelson, David B. Grayden, Simon J. Vogrin, Michael Murphy, Wendyl D'Souza, Radwa A. B. Badawy, Levin Kuhlmann, Mark J. Cook   +10 more
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Choline Excites Cortical Neurons

Science, 1979
In cats under halothane or methoxyflurane, iontophoretic applications of choline are only eight times weaker than applications of acetylcholine in evoking firing of neurons in the sensorimotor region of the cerebral cortex. The action of choline is suppressed by atropine but not by two agents that block choline uptake (hemicholinium-3 and ...
K, Krnjević, W, Reinhardt
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Motor cortical excitability in schizophrenia

Biological Psychiatry, 2002
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) provides a method to examine cortico-cortical motor excitability and hemispheric asymmetry in unmedicated and medicated schizophrenia patients.Fourteen right-handed schizophrenia patients (seven on conventional neuroleptics and seven medication-free) were compared with seven right-handed, age- and gender-matched ...
Alvaro, Pascual-Leone, Dara S, Manoach, Robert, Birnbaum, Donald C, Goff   +3 more
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Acupuncture and the modulation of cortical excitability

NeuroReport, 2003
Although acupuncture is increasingly utilized for medical therapy, its mechanism of action remains uncertain. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation to demonstrate lateralized effects of motor cortex excitability with this technique. Right-sided reduction in motor cortex excitability and a tendency to the opposite effect on the left side was seen ...
Y L, Lo, S L, Cui
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The rhythm of cortical excitability

Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 1980
Evidence has been gained which suggests that the spectral properties of the excitability cycle are other than those first proposed or assumed to exist in a number of experiments and theories. Instead of appearing as a sinusoidal cycle at the alpha frequency, the excitability cycle seems to be irregular and slower on the average than the EEG alpha ...
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Cortical Excitability, Perseveration, and Stuttering

Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 1971
Twenty-three male stutterers were compared with 25 male nonstutterers on measures of speech behavior, perseveration, and neurologic function. Flicker fusion threshold was determined as the single measure of perseveration, and multiple oral readings of a 218-word passage were recorded.
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Excitation and inhibition in the production of cortical afterdischarges

Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 1974
Abstract Subconvulsive electrical stimulation of the cortical surface evokes both excitation and inhibition of unit discharge. Although the inhibition phase appears to be more intense at higher stimulation rates, early excitation occupies a greater proportion of the interpulse interval as the effective stimulus frequency approaches an afterdischarge ...
E, Puil, R J, Reiffenstein, C, Triggle
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Abnormal cortical excitability in Rett syndrome

Pediatric Neurology, 1993
Visual and somatosensory evoked potentials (VEPs and SEPs) were studied in 9 patients with Rett syndrome and compared with those in 6 patients with photosensitive progressive myoclonus epilepsy (PPME). In Rett syndrome, a giant III-IV amplitude of VEPs was present in 8 patients, although none exhibited giant II-III amplitudes.
H, Yamanouchi, M, Kaga, M, Arima
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Cortical excitation and chronic pain

Trends in Neurosciences, 2008
Investigation of the basic mechanisms of chronic pain not only provides insights into how the brain processes and modulates sensory information but also provides the basis for designing novel treatments for currently intractable clinical conditions.
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