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Cosmic-ray Clocks

Space Science Reviews, 1998
Secondary radioactive isotopes that are used for the determination of cosmic-ray age have relatively short decay lifetimes. The measured abundance of these isotopes at low energies is representative of the cosmic-ray diffusion and the gas distribution in a region of a few hundred parsecs around the Sun.
Vladimir S. Ptuskin, Aimé Soutoul
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Primary Cosmic Rays

Radiation Research, 1961
the sun at the time of these flares. The peak intensity near the earth's orbit may be much higher than that of the galactic cosmic-ray background. There is evidence that the radiations originating in solar flares consist of particles usually having nonrelativistic velocities, but at times with energies extending well up into the relativistic range ...
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Cosmic ray interactions

2010
This book is not a book on high energy physics and particle interactions. We have, however, to give the reader some information on the structure of matter and the interactions between its building blocks, because these are necessary for the understanding of the phenomena of cosmic ray acceleration, propagation in the Universe, and detection.
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Cosmic γ rays and cosmic-ray particles

Nature, 1983
Recent experiments using extensive air shower techniques1–5 have given evidence for the presence of significant fluxes of cosmic γ rays, in the energy range 1015–1016 eV, from specific cosmic sources. We argue here that the flux from these sources, and others as yet unresolved, is probably sufficient to allow the explanation of a number of previously ...
J. Wdowczyk, A. W. Wolfendale
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Cosmic Rays

High-Energy Astrophysics, 2022
J. Horvath
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The Origin of Cosmic Rays

Physical Review, 1954
For more than a generation cosmic rays have been studied primarily as a natural beam of high-energy particles. It is unnecessary to detail here how fruitful that “laboratory” has been, how much of our knowledge about fundamental particles and their interactions, from the cascade process of electromagnetic radiation through the nature of hyperons and ...
Morrison, Philip   +2 more
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Cosmic Rays

Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 2021
N. Prantzos, J. Takahashi
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Cosmic rays in the atmosphere

2010
As we discussed in the previous chapter, primary cosmic rays interact with the atmosphere and produce fluxes of secondary, tertiary, etc. particles. All these particles together create a cascade, called an air shower. In principle, measurements of air shower particles can be interpreted in terms of the energy spectrum and the composition of the primary
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The Origin of Cosmic Rays

Physical Review, 1950
The original idea of Menzel and Salisbury concerning the origin of cosmic rays has been extended and some of its possible consequences worked out in more detail. It is concluded that low frequency electromagnetic waves (a few cycles per second) may exist in limited regions near the outer edge of the solar corona, and could accelerate ions to cosmic-ray
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Terrestrial cosmic rays

IBM Journal of Research and Development, 1996
This paper reviews the basic physics of those cosmic rays which can affect terrestrial electronics. Cosmic rays at sea level consist mostly of neutrons, protons, pions, muons, electrons, and photons. The particles which cause significant soft fails in electronics are those particles with the strong interaction: neutrons, protons, and pions.
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