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2010
Primary cosmic rays almost never reach sea level. Secondary particles do. Hadrons, electrons and γ-rays interact immediately with the rock and are quickly absorbed. 10 meters of rock provide two to three times more column depth than the whole atmosphere. Only very high energy muons (E > 500 GeV) can penetrate deep underground where they can be detected
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Primary cosmic rays almost never reach sea level. Secondary particles do. Hadrons, electrons and γ-rays interact immediately with the rock and are quickly absorbed. 10 meters of rock provide two to three times more column depth than the whole atmosphere. Only very high energy muons (E > 500 GeV) can penetrate deep underground where they can be detected
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2010
Once accelerated at supernova shocks, cosmic rays have to propagate through the interstellar medium before we detect them. The interstellar medium contains matter, magnetic fields and radiation fields, all of which are targets for cosmic ray interactions. Cosmic ray protons scatter in the magnetic fields and slowly diffuse away from their sources.
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Once accelerated at supernova shocks, cosmic rays have to propagate through the interstellar medium before we detect them. The interstellar medium contains matter, magnetic fields and radiation fields, all of which are targets for cosmic ray interactions. Cosmic ray protons scatter in the magnetic fields and slowly diffuse away from their sources.
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Cosmic rays and particle physics
, 2016T. Gaisser, R. Engel, E. Resconi
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2010
Cosmic rays are an essential part of the Universe. Their origin is interrelated with the main processes and the dynamics of star formation, stellar evolution, supernova explosions and to the state and conditions of the interstellar matter in the Galaxy.
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Cosmic rays are an essential part of the Universe. Their origin is interrelated with the main processes and the dynamics of star formation, stellar evolution, supernova explosions and to the state and conditions of the interstellar matter in the Galaxy.
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2010
Cosmic ray showers are cascades initiated by cosmic rays interacting in the atmosphere. Cascades had already been observed in the 1920s when a single track belonging to a charged particle was observed to split into two tracks. The observations of showers led to the development of the electromagnetic cascade theory in the 1930s with the participation of
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Cosmic ray showers are cascades initiated by cosmic rays interacting in the atmosphere. Cascades had already been observed in the 1920s when a single track belonging to a charged particle was observed to split into two tracks. The observations of showers led to the development of the electromagnetic cascade theory in the 1930s with the participation of
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