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Electronic Countermeasures and Counter-Countermeasures
2004All radars must be able to operate in the presence of naturally occurring interference resulting from transmissions from other sources. Military radars must also operate in hostile environments, which consist of deliberate interference designed to degrade their performance. This deliberate interference is called electronic countermeasures (ECM), and is
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2022
Lassa Fever (LF) is a viral hemorrhagic fever endemic in West Africa. LF begins with flu-like symptoms that are difficult to distinguish from other common endemic diseases such as malaria, dengue, and yellow fever making it hard to diagnose clinically.
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Lassa Fever (LF) is a viral hemorrhagic fever endemic in West Africa. LF begins with flu-like symptoms that are difficult to distinguish from other common endemic diseases such as malaria, dengue, and yellow fever making it hard to diagnose clinically.
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Abstract A State may take a countermeasure, including through military space activities, in response to an internationally wrongful act committed against it by another State. This Rule is based on Articles 22 and 49–54 of the ILC’s Articles on State Responsibility.
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Pyrotechnic Countermeasures: II. Advanced Aerial Infrared Countermeasures
Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 2006AbstractThis paper discusses the technology of advanced aerial infrared countermeasures and related work disclosed in the unclassified literature. Missile‐seeker head counter‐countermeasures include spectral discrimination, kinematical discrimination, rise‐time discrimination, UV/VIS discrimination and area temperature matching. Advanced flare payloads
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Electronic Countermeasure and Electronic Counter-Countermeasure
2020The evolution of electronic warfare has been driven by the competition between electronic countermeasures (ECM) and electronic counter-countermeasures (ECCM). Electronic warfare involves not only harnessing the electromagnetic spectrum but defending against enemy use of the spectrum, and, if possible, denying their ability to use it in the first place.
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