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With the exception of the olfactory and optic nerves, all cranial nerves enter or leave the brain stem. Three of the cranial nerves are purely sensory (I, II and VIII), five are motor (III, IV, VI, XI and XII) and the remaining nerves (V, VII, IX and X) are mixed. The olfactory nerve will be discussed in Chap. 14, the optic nerve in Chap.
Ten Donkelaar, Hans J. +4 more
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A Toast to the Cranial Nerves [PDF]
Special Issue: The Cranial Nerves: Morphology and Clinical Relevance.
Trejo, José L.
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A three-dimensional analysis of the development of cranial nerves in human embryos. [PDF]
To increase our understanding of the etiology of specific neurological disorders (e.g., Duane syndrome, glossoptosis in Pierre Robin sequence), proper knowledge of anatomy and embryology of cranial nerves is necessary.
Smit JA +11 more
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Paradox of the cranial nerves: Does the description of the facial nerve need a reinterpretation?
For years, generations of medical students were taught that in stroke, “;In a upper motor neuron (UMN) lesion, the upper part of the face is spared because this part of the face has bilateral representation while in a lower motor neuron (LMN) lesion ...
Abraham M Ittyachen
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Background Multiple cranial neuropathies carry a wide range of differential diagnoses, and when combined with cerebrospinal fluid monocytosis they often suggest an infective etiology. Reactivation of varicella zoster virus has been associated with a wide
Fangzhi Jia +3 more
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Cranial nerve schwannoma – A pictorial essay
Schwannomas are peripheral nerve sheath tumours arising from cranial, spinal or peripheral nerves. Most of the schwannomas are benign with the rare possibility of malignant transformation.
Sivaramalingam Geethapriya +6 more
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Unilateral Cranial Polyneuropathy in Herpes Zoster Oticus: Infection teaching us Anatomy
Herpes zoster oticus or Ramsay Hunt syndrome is an uncommon neurological manifestation of herpes virus infection causing external ear rash with otalgia and facial nerve palsy.
Abdul Qavi +4 more
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Cranial nerve lymphomatosis [PDF]
Neurolymphomatosis is an extremely rare neurologic manifestation of systemic lymphoma in which B-cell nonHodgkin’s lymphoma a much more common cause. Neurolymphomatosis must be differentiated from more frequent neurologic manifestations of lymphoma, including peripheral nerves compression by enlarged lymph nodes, radiation plexopathy, herpes zoster ...
M. Kocaoglu, N. Bulakbasi, U. Bozlar
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Naming the Cranial Nerves: a historical note
This summary relates the history of the Galenic system of ordinal numbering and the later naming of the cranial nerves. It emphasises the original classification by Samuel Thomas Soemmerring’s naming of 12 pairs, now universally accepted.
JMS Pearce
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