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A critique of cross-lagged correlation.

Psychological Bulletin, 1980
Comments that cross-lagged correlation (CLC) is not a useful procedure for the analysis of longitudinal panel data. In particular, the difference between CLCs is not a sound basis for causal inference.
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Causes of Depression in College Students: A Cross-Lagged Panel Correlational Analysis

Psychological Reports, 1987
A study was conducted over a 6-wk. period to investigate factors associated with the development of depression among college students. Subjects were 134 first-semester freshmen conscripted from the general psychology subject pool. Scores were obtained from self-report questionnaires involving measures of life events, social support, and cognitive ...
Alexander R. Rich, Martha Scovel
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Teacher locus of control and classroom climate: A cross-lagged correlational study

Psychology in the Schools, 1983
The Locus of Control Scale for Teachers was given to 13 middle school teachers, and the Origin-Climate Questionnaire was given to 78 of their students. Results indicated a moderate relationship between teachers' locus of control and students' perception of classroom climate.
Cyril J. Sadowski, Helen R. Woodward
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On Cross-Lagged Panel Models With Serially Correlated Errors

Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 1986
Cross-lagged panel studies are studies in which two or more variables are measured for a large number of subjects at each of several points in time. The variables divide naturally into two sets, and the purpose of the analysis is to estimate and test the cross-effects between the two sets.
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Emotion Regulation Strategies as Risk Factors for Developmental Psychopathology: a Meta-analytic Review of Longitudinal Studies based on Cross-lagged Correlations and Panel Models

Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 2022
Cross-sectional relationships between emotion regulation strategies (ERSs) and several psychopathological conditions among children and adolescents have been well-demonstrated. However, the longitudinal associations of ERSs on psychopathological manifestations during development remain unclear, especially considering their reciprocal influences over ...
Cavicchioli, Marco   +2 more
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Attributions and recovery from depression: A preliminary study using cross‐lagged correlation analysis

British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1982
Cross‐lagged correlation analysis was employed to test the hypothesis that attributions for symptoms and life‐events would exercise a causal influence on the recovery of depressed patients. Patients rated their symptoms and their three most upsetting recent life‐events on the dimensions of internality, stability, globality and uncontrollability.
J, Firth, C, Brewin
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Identity and intimacy: An initial investigation of three theoretical models using cross-lag panel correlations

Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1990
This investigation specified three models regarding the association between identity and intimacy formation and investigated their potential validity using a longitudinal cross-lag panel design. Seventy-one males and 71 females completed identity and intimacy measures on two occasions over a 5-week period.
P H, Dyk, G R, Adams
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The Cross-Lagged Correlation Technique: Reconsideration in Terms of Exploratory Utility, Assumption Specification and Robustness

Educational and Psychological Measurement, 1982
The cross-lagged correlation technique (CLC) for assessing causality from passive observational data has been the subject of much recent criticism. CLC compares cross correlations between variables across time points of measurement and attributes differences in correlations to causal effects.
exaly   +2 more sources

Note on choosing between competing interpretations of cross-lagged panel correlations.

Psychological Bulletin, 1971
Campbell's cross-lagged correlation technique (Campbell & Stanley, 1963) has recently been discovered to offer competing interpretations (Rozelle & Campbell, 1969; Yee & Gage, 1968a, 1968b). Specifically, the technique in itself does not discriminate between congruent effects of one of the two variables involved and incongruent effects of the other. As
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Interdisciplinary and military determinants of scientific productivity: A cross-lagged correlation analysis

Journal of Vocational Behavior, 1976
Abstract This paper explores the contemporaneous and intergenerational relationships among various scientific endeavors and military activity. Using European historical data from 1500 to 1900 A.D., generational (or 25-yr) fluctuations were examined for nine categories of scientific discovery and invention and for two aspects of military activity.
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