Federal Non-defense Expenditures - Their Shifting Impact on the Regional Distribution of Income [PDF]
Federal non-defense expenditure programs analyzed for impact on regional income ...
Williams, G. W.
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Exploring the Relationship Between Military Spending & Income Inequality in South Asia [PDF]
, 2008 The basic objective of this paper is to examine the effect of military spending on income inequality in four major South Asian economies. In the process, we also control for other possible key determinants of income inequality subject to data ...
Vadlamannati, Krishna Chaitanya
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The impact of Singapore’s military development on Malaysia’s security [PDF]
, 2009 In this intense era of military and defense development in South East Asia, Singapore has emergence as the fastest country in the development of military capabilities.The rapid military development that started in 1965 has made Singapore become the ...
Ajis, Mohd Na'eim +2 more
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Midbrain PAG Astrocytes Modulate Mouse Defensive and Panic‐Like Behaviors
Advanced Science, EarlyView.Astrocytes in the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) dynamically encode threat intensity and shape defensive action selection in mice. Real‐time Ca2+ imaging reveals robust astrocytic activation during predator odor and CO2 exposure. Aberrant astrocytic Ca2+ overactivation disrupts goal‐directed escape, biases behavior toward freezing, and induces ...
Ellane Barcelon +10 more
wiley +1 more source
"Guns or Butter?" Revisited: Robustness and Nonlinearity Issues in the Defense-Grotwth Nexus [PDF]
The relationship between military expenditure and growth is studied taking into account potential nonlinearities and robustness issues in the specification of the econometric models used.
Gerhard Reitschuler +1 more
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PD‐1 Inhibits CD4+ TRM‐Mediated cDC1 Mobilization via Suppressing JAML in Human NSCLC
Advanced Science, EarlyView.CD4+ tissue‐resident memory T cells (TRMs) in non‐small cell lung cancer recruit conventional type 1 dendritic cells via XCL1‐XCR1 signaling, orchestrating antitumor immunity. The costimulatory molecule JAML is essential for this process. PD‐1 blockade restores JAML expression and cDC1 mobilization, while JAML agonists synergize with anti‐PD‐1 therapy,
Zheyu Shao +16 more
wiley +1 more source
The Optimal Defense of Networks of Targets [PDF]
This paper examines a game-theoretic model of attack and defense of multiple networks of targets in which there exist intra-network strategic complementarities among targets.
Brian Roberson, Dan Kovenock
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The demand for military expenditure in authoritarian regimes [PDF]
, 2011 We investigate how the influence of the military differs across authoritarian regimes and verify whether there are actually systematic differences in military expenditures amongst different forms of dictatorships.
Bove, Vincenzo, Brauner, Jennifer
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Dynamics of the Mammalian Placental Metabolome in Placentogenesis and Embryonic Development
Advanced Science, EarlyView.This study identifies three metabolic stages (E8.5, E9.5–10.5, E11.5–14.5) and two transition periods (E8.5–9.5, E10.5–11.5) in mouse placental development. NAD(H) emerges as a key dynamic metabolite that enhances embryonic growth through accelerated segmentation and increased proliferation of mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC)‐induced presomitic ...
Gang Chen +11 more
wiley +1 more source
Military Expenditure, Threats, and Growth [PDF]
This paper clarifies one of the puzzling results of the economic growth literature: the impact of military expenditure is frequently found to be non-significant or negative, yet most countries spend a large fraction of their GDP on defense and the ...
Joshua Aizenman, Reuven Glick
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