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Earth’s Electrodes

Elements, 2020
The oxidation–reduction (‘redox’) state is an important intensive property of any geologic system and is typically measured (and reported) as either the redox potential (Eh) or the oxygen fugacity (fO2). These two concepts cover the whole spectrum of geologic systems: from low-temperature aqueous and sedimentary systems to high-temperature rock-forming
Cicconi, Maria Rita   +3 more
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Double earth fault effects in presence of interconnected earth electrodes

IET Conference Publications, 2009
The paper presents a study on the effects of double earth faults in Medium Voltage (MV) networks, in presence of electrical interconnection of the earthing systems of the secondary substations. The aim of the paper is to propose a circuit model and to find general conclusions about the effects of double earth faults in presence of interconnected ...
RIVA SANSEVERINO, Eleonora   +2 more
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The resistance of earth electrodes

Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, 1933
This paper, which is an abridgement of a report† prepared by the E.R.A., deals briefly with the most important aspects of the resistance of electrodes used for earthing electrical installations and apparatus. After comparing the practice in various countries, details are given of the effect of the resistivity of the soil and the size and lay-out of ...
P.D. Morgan, H.G. Taylor
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Performance of Earthing Systems for Different Earth Electrode Configurations

IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2015
Changes of behavior of earthing systems under high impulse conditions from its steady-state conditions have been found to occur in many studies. There are many factors that are thought to cause these changes. However, little studies so far have been conducted on the effects of earth electrode dimensions and configurations, particularly at field sites ...
Mohamed Shahriman Mohamed Yunus   +3 more
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A Practical Algorithm for Calculating the Impulse Earthing Resistances of Vertical Earthing Electrodes

Journal of Electronics and Advanced Electrical Engineering, 2021
An algorithm is proposed in this paper for calculating the impulse earthing resistances of vertical earthing electrodes. The proposed algorithm employs the average potential method to derive the formula of the low current earthing resistance. Unlike the previous algorithm, the soil ionization effect under high impulse current is taken into account by ...
Yongzheng Zhang, Xiaoqing Zhang
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A technique to increase the effective length of horizontal earth electrodes and its application to a practical earth electrode system

2011 7th Asia-Pacific International Conference on Lightning, 2011
The ability of a horizontal earth electrode in reducing earth potential rise is limited because, beyond a certain length known as the effective length, no further reduction is obtained. In this paper, field experiments and computer simulations of a horizontal earth electrode is presented.
A. Elmghairbi   +4 more
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Grounding/earthing electrode studies. 2

Proceedings of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Conference, 2002
The paper details the effort to determine the adequacy of various methods of grounding/earthing electrodes installed in the alkaline, highly mineralized soil of the Las Vegas, Nevada area The grounding electrode testing program outlined has been prepared to address a number of questions relating to grounding [earthing] electrodes and soil conditions in
R.S. Howard, D.W. Zipse
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Potential Distribution About an Electrode on the Surface of the Earth

Physics, 1933
An analytical study is made of the potential distribution about an electrode on a stratified earth, from the point of view of developing special formulas appropriate for computation at small and large distances from the electrode. Power series in the distance for small distances and simple asymptotic expansions for large separations are derived first ...
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Earth resistance of various forms of electrodes

Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, 1969
In a recent paper, Datta et al. have shown that a very simple method for finding the earth resistance of driven-rod electrodes can be used on the assumption that the equipotentials round the electrode conform to the shape of the electrode itself. In this paper, the method has been extended to various forms of electrode usually employed in practice ...
V.P. Gupta, R.L. Garg
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Nickel–rare earth electrodes for sodium borohydride electrooxidation

Electrochimica Acta, 2016
Binary alloys of nickel (Ni) and dysprosium (Dy) or samarium (Sm) of different composition were prepared. Their electrocatalytic activity in respect to borohydride oxidation in alkaline medium was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and chronopotentiometry. It was correlated to their morphological and structural properties examined by
Santos, DMF   +6 more
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