Results 91 to 100 of about 91,381 (225)
Lipophilic extractives from nonwood fibers during soda/AQ pulping followed by TCF and ECF bleaching
, 2008 In this work we report the chemical composition of lipophilic extractives from several nonwood fibers such as flax, hemp, jute, sisal and abaca, which are used in the manufacture of high-quality paper pulps, during soda/anthraquinone (AQ) pulping ...
Marques, Gisela +2 more
core
ECF. A World BAT in Pulp Bleaching by the Year 2000.
JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL, 1999 Since many studies have pointed out ECF (Elemental Chlorine Free) as environmentally friendly with no harmful by-products and no specific toxicity of the resulting waste waters compared to TCF (Totally Chlorine Free); ECF bleaching is now considered all over the world as a Best Available Technology.
openaire +3 more sources
Revista Árvore, 2006 One hundred different 5.5-year-old Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla wood clones were cooked to kappa number 15-17.5 and the resulting kraft pulps oxygen-delignified to kappa 9.5-11.5 under fixed conditions, except for chemical charges.
Romildo Lopes Oliveira +3 more
doaj +1 more source
Scale Formation and Inhibition in ECF Bleaching Plant
JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL, 2003 Scaling troubles of calcium oxalate are observed frequently in ECF (elemental chlorine free) bleaching process at a kraft pulp plant. Phenomena of the scale formation is very complicated which includes simultaneous nucleation, dissolution, growth and/or adhesion of crystals.
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Evaluation of Chloroform Emission at an ECF Bleaching Pulp Mill
JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL, 2008 日本の紙パルプ産業では，クロロホルム，ベンゼン，ホルムアルデヒドの3物質を対象とする「有害大気汚染物質排出自主削減計画」を1997年に策定し，3年間をかけて削減計画に取り組んだ。その後，2004年度からはPRTR法に基づく自主的な削減に移行し，2005年度のPRTRデータでは大気へのクロロホルム排出量は年間423tに減少した。これらのクロロホルム削減効果は主に塩素漂白からECF漂白への転換によるものである。クロロホルムの規制は米国では排水に対するものであり，日本では大気に対するものであるので，ECF漂白への転換によるクロロホルム削減効果を大気側と水質側の両面から総合的に検証する必要がある。日本のLOKP漂白工場のほぼ全数が塩素漂白からECF漂白に転換された現在において ...
Nakamata, Keiichi +2 more
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, 2002 he aim of this study was to determine how oxygen delignification before bleaching and the hexenuronic acid (HexA) content of the pulps influenced the acisorbable organic halogen (AOX) formation in the elemental chlorine free (ECP) bleaching effluent ...
Germgård, Ulf, +3 more
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Application of High Consistency Ozone Bleaching in ECF Sequences
JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL, 2000 Ozone bleaching has been applied in ECF and TCF bleaching sequences since the beginning of the 1990's. It has confirmed by actual data and laboratory tests that applying the ozone system in ECF sequence can save bleaching chemical costs and makes the plant with a very simple sequence without acid treatment or other treatment.In this paper, a simple ...
Bokusröm, Monica, Kobayashi, Toru
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, 1997 Chlorine bleaching effluents are problematic for anaerobic wastewater treatment due to their high methanogenic toxicity and low biodegradability. Presently, alternative bleaching processes are being introduced, such as elemental chlorine-free (ECF) and ...
Lema, J.M. +4 more
core +1 more source
Effect of fungal pre-treatment of poplar chips on its paper brightness reversion [PDF]
Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries, 2017 Unbleached Kraft pulp made from poplar chips, Pre-treated by Trametes versicolor in 1, 2 and 3 weeks (Bio-Kraft pulp), was used as raw material in this study.
Esmaeil Rasooly Garmaroody +2 more
doaj
Formation of Carbonyl and Carboxyl Groups on Cellulosic Pulps: Effect on Alkali Resistance
BioResources, 2014 Ozone bleaching generates carbonyl groups on the cellulose polymer when applied to unbleached kraft pulps. This suggests that pulp fully bleached with a totally chlorine-free (TCF) sequence may contain more oxidized groups than standard elemental ...
Jordan Perrin +3 more
doaj +1 more source