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Origin and Early Evolution of Echinoderms [PDF]

open access: yesAnnual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences
Echinoderms are a major group (phylum) of invertebrate animals with a rich fossil record stretching back to the Cambrian period, approximately 518 million years ago.
Imran A Rahman, Samuel Zamora
exaly   +2 more sources
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The sterols of echinoderms

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences, 1972
Abstract The pioneering work of Bergmann and his colleagues demonstrated that marine invertebrates in many cases contain complex sterol mixtures consisting of C27, C28 and C29 sterols of varying degrees of unsaturation (Bergmann 1949, 1962). The sterols found in the phylum Echinodermata have proved of particular interest not only from
L J, Goad, I, Rubinstein, A G, Smith
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Echinoderm Immunity

2010
A survey for immune genes in the genome for the purple sea urchin has shown that the immune system is complex and sophisticated. By inference, immune responses of all echinoderms maybe similar. The immune system is mediated by several types of coelomocytes that are also useful as sensors of environmental stresses.
Smith, L. Courtney   +17 more
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Regeneration in echinoderm larvae

Microscopy Research and Technique, 2001
AbstractThe ability of echinoderms to regenerate missing body parts has been a subject of interest to scientists for many years. Asexual reproduction (by fission or budding) is a phenomenon that involves regeneration of missing structures. Although asexual reproduction and regeneration have been the focus of many studies in adult echinoderms, there ...
M C, Vickery   +3 more
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Cryopreservation of echinoderm sperm

Canadian Journal of Zoology, 1973
A simple method for the cryopreservation of sea urchin, sand dollar, and starfish sperm is described. Using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the protective agent, sperm were stored up to 30 days at — 196 °C. These preparations all retained some motility after thawing.
R S, Dunn, J, McLachlan
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A review of echinoderm oogenesis

Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique, 1990
AbstractThis review of the anatomical, histological, biochemical, and molecular biological literature on echinoderm oogenesis includes the entire developmental history of oocytes; from their inception to the time they become ova. This is done from a comparative perspective, with reference to members of the five extant echinoderm classes; crinoids ...
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Pentamerism and the ancestral echinoderm

Nature, 1974
ONE of the difficulties in an account of the origin of the echinoderms is their five-fold radial symmetry. Nichols1 has proposed a hypothetical ancestral echinoderm derived from a lophophorate ancestor. Sipunculoids have a recurved gut and a hydraulically operated tentacular system using a special compartment of the coelom.
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Bioresources from Echinoderms

2005
More than 6,500 species have been recorded in the phylum Echinodermata. A variety of biologically active substances have been isolated from the echinoderm species: saponins, glycolipids, carotenoids, porphyrins, naphthoquinones, venoms and others.
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Transphosphorylation in echinoderms

Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology, 1954
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Cambrian edrioasteroid reveals new mechanism for secondary reduction of the skeleton in echinoderms

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2022
Samuel Zamora   +2 more
exaly  

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