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Guardians of the Cell: Effector-Triggered Immunity Steers Mammalian Immune Defense [PDF]

Trends in Immunology, 2019
The mammalian innate immune system deals with invading pathogens and stress by activating pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) in the host. Initially proposed to be triggered by the discrimination of defined molecular signatures from pathogens rather than from self, it is now clear that PRRs can also be activated by endogenous ligands, bacterial ...
Emma Creagh, Clare Elizabeth Bryant, Thomas A Kufer   +2 more
exaly   +5 more sources

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Effector-triggered immunity in mammalian antiviral defense

Trends in Immunology, 2022
Effector-triggered immunity (ETI) is a common defense strategy used by mammalian host cells that is engaged upon detection of the enzymatic activities of pathogen-encoded proteins or the effects of their expression on cellular homeostasis. However, in contrast to the effector-triggered responses engaged upon bacterial infection, much less is understood
Megan H. Orzalli, Pooja Parameswaran
openaire   +2 more sources

A Brief Introduction to Effector-Triggered Immunity

2022
Detection of microbes by the host is essential to restrict microbial colonization, to clear pathogens, and to mount adapted defense reactions, and thus is the key function of the innate immune systems of plants and mammals. Here we provide an introduction into pathogen recognition by the innate immune system of both plants and animals.
Thomas A, Kufer, Maria, Kaparakis-Liaskos   +1 more
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Immunity to Rice Blast Disease by Suppression of Effector-Triggered Necrosis [PDF]

Current Biology, 2016
Hemibiotrophic pathogens are some of the most destructive plant pathogens, causing huge economic losses and threatening global food security. Infection with these organisms often involves an initial biotrophic infection phase, during which the pathogen spreads in host tissue asymptomatically, followed by a necrotrophic phase, during which host-cell ...
Guo-Liang Wang, Jiangbo Fan, Nan Jiang   +2 more
exaly   +3 more sources

NLRs guard metabolism to coordinate pattern- and effector-triggered immunity

Nature, 2021
Pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) in plants enable them to respond to pathogens by activating the production of defence metabolites that orchestrate immune responses1-4. How the production of defence metabolites is promoted by immune receptors and coordinated with broad-spectrum resistance remains elusive.
Keran Zhai, Di Liang, Helin Li, Fangyuan Jiao, Bingxiao Yan, Jing Liu, Ziyao Lei, Li Huang, Xiangyu Gong, Xin Wang, Jiashun Miao, Yichuan Wang, Ji-Yun Liu, Lin Zhang, Ertao Wang, Yiwen Deng, Chi-Kuang Wen, Hongwei Guo, Bin Han, Zuhua He   +19 more
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Effector-triggered immunity by the plant pathogen Phytophthora

Trends in Microbiology, 2006
A new genetic locus mediating avirulence in the potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans has been discovered. The Avr3b-Avr10-Avr11 locus is recognized by three different potato resistance genes, and is different from other Avr loci that have been identified thus far.
Dinah, Qutob, Jennifer, Tedman-Jones, Mark, Gijzen   +2 more
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Effector-triggered immunity mediated by the Pto kinase

Trends in Plant Science, 2011
Pto was the first disease-resistance gene cloned from a plant that confers recognition of a specific pathogen. The intracellular protein kinase that it encodes activates an immune response in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) to bacterial speck disease by interacting with either the AvrPto or AvrPtoB type III effector proteins that are delivered into the ...
Chang-Sik, Oh, Gregory B, Martin
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NOD-like receptor cooperativity in effector-triggered immunity

Trends in Immunology, 2014
Intracellular nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) are basic elements of innate immunity in plants and animals. Whereas animal NLRs react to conserved microbe- or damage-associated molecular patterns, plant NLRs intercept the actions of diverse pathogen virulence factors (effectors).
Griebel, T., Maekawa, T., Parker, J.
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Effector-Triggered Immunity: From Pathogen Perception to Robust Defense

Annual Review of Plant Biology, 2015
In plant innate immunity, individual cells have the capacity to sense and respond to pathogen attack. Intracellular recognition mechanisms have evolved to intercept perturbations by pathogen virulence factors (effectors) early in host infection and convert it to rapid defense.
Cui, H., Tsuda, K., Parker, J.
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Genetically engineered plant endophytes broaden effector-triggered immunity

Cell Host & Microbe
Plants utilize nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors to detect pathogen effectors and initiate a potent immune response called effector-triggered immunity (ETI). However, this defense relies on the presence of recognizable effectors in pathogens, which is often unpredictable during natural infections. To address this, we engineer plant
Menglu Hou, Sitao Zhu, Ruixia Niu, Guitao Zhong, Zhao Wang, Ming Luo, Jiawei Long, Ruoying Yang, Zhijuan Tang, Shaosong Shi, Guoyong Xu   +10 more
openaire   +2 more sources