Results 271 to 280 of about 128,960 (311)

Steiner tunnel index as a measure of flame spread rate

Fire Technology, 1978
The procedure by which a flame spread index is calculated in the Steiner Tunnel Test has recently been revised by ASTM. The new index is shown to measure average flame speed, weighted so as to emphasize the flame behavior in the earlier part of the test.
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Measurement of instantaneous flame spread rate over solid fuels using image analysis

Fire Safety Journal, 2017
Abstract Spread rate is an overall property of flame propagation that characterizes the condition of a flame better than any other property. As a result, prediction and measurement of spread rate is central to flame spread studies over solid fuels. Significant amount of data have been collected over last four decades of research on flame spread over ...
Subrata Bhattacharjee, Luca Carmignani, Gregory Celniker, Blake Rhoades   +3 more
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PE and ETFE wire insulation flame morphologies and spread rates under subatmospheric pressures

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 2020
Understanding the effects of pressure and oxygen concentration on the flame spread behaviors of electrical wires is crucial for establishing fire safety strategies for plateau cities, aircraft, and spacecraft. During the combustion, the polymeric coating first liquefies to form molten agglomerations, after which these droplets boil to release ...
Jun Fang, Yan Xue, Jingwu Wang, Xuanze He, Yue Zhang, Siwei Zhao, Yongming Zhang   +6 more
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Investigation of the structure and spread rate of flames over PMMA slabs

Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018
Abstract Experimental and numerical investigations of upward and downward flame spread over flat polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) slabs are presented here. Experiments have been carried out using PMMA slabs of different thickness in the range of 1.6 mm–5.4 mm.
H.R. Rakesh Ranga, O.P. Korobeinichev, A. Harish, Vasudevan Raghavan, A. Kumar, I.E. Gerasimov, M.B. Gonchikzhapov, A.G. Tereshchenko, S.A. Trubachev, A.G. Shmakov   +9 more
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Bounds for Downward Flame Spread Rate in Solid Fuels and Comparison to Experiments

Combustion Science and Technology, 2011
De Ris formulae for the flame spread rate over solid fuels that propagate against an external fluid flow for both the thermally thin and thick regimes have become well-known. In some cases, it is expected that predictions from these formulae will fail since they are independent of parameters that may modify the burning velocity.
Toni Pujol, Bruna Comas
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Using cone calorimeter data for the prediction of upward flame spread rate

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2012
In a cone calorimeter, the specimen receives uniformly distributed irradiance from the cone heater. Producing a heating environment simulating the heating intensity in real fires, this apparatus consequently is capable of providing information of materials relevant to their fire performance. Several previous upward flame spread models utilized the data
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Flame spread and heat release rate model for a burning mattress

1996
A model has been developed to calculate the heat release rate of a mattress by a gas burner at the centre of the upper surface. The model describes flame spread of an ignition front radially outwards from a cylindrical flame at the centre. The heat release rate is calculated using the data obtained from cone calorimeter tests at an irradiance of 35 kW ...
Kokkala, Matti, Baroudi, Djebar
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A comparison of extinction limits and spreading rates in opposed and concurrent spreading flames over thin solids

Combustion and Flame, 2003
Flame-spread phenomena over thin solids are investigated for purely forced-opposing and concurrent flows. A two-dimensional, opposed-flow, flame-spread model, with flame radiation, has been formulated and solved numerically. In the first part of the paper, flammability limits and spread rates in opposed flow are presented, using oxygen percentage, free-
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Steady flame spread rate measurement at discrete levels of external radiant heat flux

Symposium (International) on Combustion, 1991
In this paper, a new concept of steady flame spread rate of materials at discrete levels of external radiant heat flux is presented. The concept was examined using a Quasi- Stationary Flame Front Technique, in which the flame front remains within the same narrow gradient of external radiant heat flux, achieved by moving the specimen towards an external
Subodh Kumar Bhatnagar, B.S. Varshney, B. Mohanty, C.P. Agarwal   +3 more
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Exact Solution for the Rate of Creeping Flame Spread over Thermally Thin Materials

Combustion Science and Technology, 1986
Abstract In this work we present the exact solution for the rate of creeping flame spread over thermally thin materials based on de Ris' (1969) formulation of the problem. The publication of the present work was prompted by a recent paper by Wichman and Williams (1984). These authors noted that de Ris (1969) obtained theoretical values for flame spread
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