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Modelling study of slag foaming phenomenon
Steel Research, 2000A one-dimensional model based on mass and momentum conservations has been developed to predict the heights of foams caused by gas injection. In the development of the model, a dimensionless number, N-foam = u(s)[(3C(d))/(4d(b)g)](1/2) has been deduced to characterise the foaming behaviour.
Miao-yong Zhu, Du Sichen
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Slag foaming in smelting reduction processes
Steel Research, 1989In order to understand the effect of slag composition on foaming in the smelting reduction process, slag foaming was quantitatively studied for CaO–SiO2–FeO slags in the temperature ranging 1250–1400 °C. It was found that slag foaming could be characterized by a foaming index Σ which is equal to the retention or travelling time of the gas in the slag ...
K. Ito, Richard J. Fruehan
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The structure of foaming BOF-converter slag
Ironmaking & Steelmaking, 2017ABSTRACTThe structure of foaming synthetic BOF-converter slags was studied by freezing the foam and using ocular examination.
Johan Martinsson +2 more
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Slag foaming practice in the steelmaking process
Ceramics International, 2018Abstract Slag engineering (i.e. conditioning and foaming practices) is becoming an essential issue in many companies due to the increasing need felt by the end-users to cut costs and produce high quality steel. Slag foaming has been mainly used in electric arc furnaces (EAF) in order to protect the refractory materials from the high energy intensity (
A.P. Luz +4 more
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Progress in Slag Foaming in Metallurgical Processes
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2012Professor Fruehan has been a pioneer in the fundamental understanding of slag foaming in ironmaking and steelmaking processes. Although considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the phenomena, there are still unanswered questions regarding the mechanisms in industrial processes and how to control them.
Tai Xi Zhu, K. S. Coley, G. A. Irons
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Effect of carbonaceous particles on slag foaming
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 1995Use of carbonaceous particles such as coke or coal char in controlling slag foaming is of great practical significance for bath-smelting and other steelmaking processes. The foamability of the liquid slag in terms of the foam index has been determined with the presence of different amounts of coke and coal char particles.
Y. Zhang, R. J. Fruehan
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Reduction and foaming of FeO containing slag
Ironmaking & Steelmaking, 2001Smelting reduction processes being developed for producing liquid iron using coal and oxygen are attractive because they allow the use of ore fines directly and do not depend on coke. This paper presents a brief review of some aspects of smelting reduction and some results of an experimental investigation carried out on the reduction of 5-20 wt-% FeO ...
R.K. Galgali +4 more
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The Effect of Viscosity and Solids on Slag Foaming
Steel Research InternationalSlag foaming is one of the most influential factors in maximizing the efficiency of electric arc furnace. The foaming behavior depends on multiple factors, including viscosity, gas flow rate, temperature, and slag composition. Basicity, defined as the ratio of basic to acidic oxides, directly influences viscosity, and thus, plays a crucial role in ...
Xingwen Wei +2 more
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Foaming of slags under dynamic conditions
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2006Slag foaming under dynamic conditions has been studied in laboratory scale to examine the influence of properties commonly used to describe the foaminess and foam stability of slags under steady-state conditions. Synthetically produced slags with compositions relevant to tool steel and stainless steel production were studied through X-ray equipment in ...
Kapilashrami, A +3 more
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A compilation of slag foaming phenomenon research
2012A literature study was made on the foaming phenomenon in the modern electric arc furnace (EAF) stainless steelmaking process. Slag foaming has become an important feature of the EAF process. The chemical and physical conditions of the slag, which affect the foaming phenomenon of the slag-steel system, appear to be relatively complicated to control in ...
Liukkonen, Matti +2 more
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