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Emerging themes and future directions in space radiation health research: a bibliometric exploration from 2013 to 2022. [PDF]

Radiat Environ Biophys
Tan J, Zhou Z, Zheng H, Li Y, Wang H, Yang Q, Tian H, Chen H, Xie J, Li Z, Chen Y.   +10 more
europepmc   +1 more source

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Massive stars as major factories of Galactic cosmic rays

Nature Astronomy, 2018
The identification of the main contributors to the locally observed fluxes of cosmic rays is a prime objective in the resolution of the long-standing enigma of the source of cosmic rays.
F. Aharonian, Rui-zhi Yang, E. de Oña Wilhelmi   +2 more
semanticscholar   +1 more source

Understanding galactic cosmic rays

Astroparticle Physics, 2014
Abstract The case is made for most cosmic rays having come from galactic sources. ‘Structure’, i.e. a lack of smoothness in the energy spectrum, is apparent, strengthening the view that most cosmic rays come from discrete sources, supernova remnants being most likely.
A. Wolfendale, A. Erlykin
semanticscholar   +2 more sources

Shielding against galactic cosmic rays

Advances in Space Research, 1996
Ions of galactic origin are modified but not attenuated by the presence of shielding materials. Indeed, the number of particles and the absorbed energy behind most shield materials increases as a function of shield thickness. The modification of the galactic cosmic ray composition upon interaction with shielding is the only effective means of providing
W, Schimmerling, J W, Wilson, J E, Nealy, S A, Thibeault, F A, Cucinotta, J L, Shinn, M, Kim, R, Kiefer   +7 more
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Galactic cosmic rays

2001
Our Galaxy is filled with a relativistic gas of high-energy protons, electrons, and heavy nuclei. The interstellar energy density of these cosmic rays is ~1 eV cm-3 — comparable to the energy density of the galactic magnetic field and of the thermal energy of the interstellar medium — with an energy spectra that extends to a maximum energy above 1020 ...
Frank B. McDonald, Vladimir S. Ptuskin
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Galactic cosmic rays

Advances in Space Research, 1984
The distribution and propagation of cosmic rays in the Galaxy provides the information on acceleration sites. The spatial distribution is revealed by gamma-ray data, and the path-length distribution is derived from the composition. The radial distribution of cosmic rays is relevant to the important questions about the size of the contributions of ...
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Galactic cosmic-ray electrons

Journal of Geophysical Research, 1966
The production and equilibrium spectra of secondary electrons (negatrons and positrons) resulting from cosmic-ray interactions in the galaxy are calculated. These electrons arise from the decay of secondary pions and neutrons produced by nuclear interactions of cosmic-ray protons and alpha particles with the interstellar gas.
R. Ramaty, R. E. Lingenfelter
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Cosmic Rays and Galactic Winds

Astrophysics and Space Science, 2004
Repeated SN-explosion provide large amounts of thermal energy as well as energetic particles through a 1. order Fermi-process. Both effects together with the generation of AlfveŽn-waves are considered to drive a large scale outflow from a galaxy. These so-called galactic winds transport stellar material enriched by heavy elements into the intergalactic
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