Results 231 to 240 of about 126,463 (267)

Tracing ancient solar cycles with tree rings and radiocarbon in the first millennium BCE. [PDF]

Nat Commun
Brehm N, Pearson CL, Christl M, Bayliss A, Nicolussi K, Pichler T, Brown D, Wacker L.   +7 more
europepmc   +1 more source

Long-term effects of combined exposures to simulated microgravity and galactic cosmic radiation on the mouse lung: sex-specific epigenetic reprogramming. [PDF]

Radiat Environ Biophys
Clement K, Nemec-Bakk AS, Jun SR, Sridharan V, Patel CM, Williams DK, Newhauser WD, Willey JS, Williams J, Boerma M, Chancellor JC, Koturbash I.   +11 more
europepmc   +1 more source

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The Astrophysics of Galactic Cosmic Rays

Space Science Reviews, 2001
Observations of cosmic rays and their related radio to gamma-ray signatures are surveyed and discussed critically, and compared to theoretical models of the cosmic-ray origin and propagation. The analogous heliospheric processes are included as a well-studied case of the principal physical processes of energetic particle acceleration and propagation ...
Diehl, R., Kallenbach, R., Parizot, E., Von-Steiger, R.   +3 more
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Shielding against galactic cosmic rays

Advances in Space Research, 1996
Ions of galactic origin are modified but not attenuated by the presence of shielding materials. Indeed, the number of particles and the absorbed energy behind most shield materials increases as a function of shield thickness. The modification of the galactic cosmic ray composition upon interaction with shielding is the only effective means of providing
W, Schimmerling, J W, Wilson, J E, Nealy, S A, Thibeault, F A, Cucinotta, J L, Shinn, M, Kim, R, Kiefer   +7 more
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Galactic cosmic rays

2001
Our Galaxy is filled with a relativistic gas of high-energy protons, electrons, and heavy nuclei. The interstellar energy density of these cosmic rays is ~1 eV cm-3 — comparable to the energy density of the galactic magnetic field and of the thermal energy of the interstellar medium — with an energy spectra that extends to a maximum energy above 1020 ...
Frank B. McDonald, Vladimir S. Ptuskin
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Cosmic Rays and Galactic Winds

Astrophysics and Space Science, 2004
Repeated SN-explosion provide large amounts of thermal energy as well as energetic particles through a 1. order Fermi-process. Both effects together with the generation of AlfveŽn-waves are considered to drive a large scale outflow from a galaxy. These so-called galactic winds transport stellar material enriched by heavy elements into the intergalactic
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Electrons and positrons in the galactic cosmic rays

Physical Review D, 1995
The detection of primary cosmic ray electrons with energies above 1 TeV implies the existence of a nearby, r\ensuremath{\le}100 pc, and relatively young, t\ensuremath{\le}${10}^{5}$ yr, source(s) of accelerated electrons. Therefore a correct treatment of the formation of the spectra of electrons during their propagation in the interstellar medium ...
, Atoyan, , Aharonian, , Völk
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Galactic cosmic rays at

Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, 1998
The arrival direction distribution of the highest-energy cosmic rays with respect to Galactic latitude has been analysed using both the Yakutsk and the available world data from extensive air shower arrays. A north-south asymmetry is indicated in the distribution observed with the Yakutsk array at in the outer Galaxy direction.
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Galactic cosmic rays

Advances in Space Research, 1984
The distribution and propagation of cosmic rays in the Galaxy provides the information on acceleration sites. The spatial distribution is revealed by gamma-ray data, and the path-length distribution is derived from the composition. The radial distribution of cosmic rays is relevant to the important questions about the size of the contributions of ...
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