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Shielding against galactic cosmic rays
Advances in Space Research, 1996Ions of galactic origin are modified but not attenuated by the presence of shielding materials. Indeed, the number of particles and the absorbed energy behind most shield materials increases as a function of shield thickness. The modification of the galactic cosmic ray composition upon interaction with shielding is the only effective means of providing
W, Schimmerling +7 more
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Understanding galactic cosmic rays
Astroparticle Physics, 2014Abstract The case is made for most cosmic rays having come from galactic sources. ‘Structure’, i.e. a lack of smoothness in the energy spectrum, is apparent, strengthening the view that most cosmic rays come from discrete sources, supernova remnants being most likely.
Arnold Wolfendale, Anatoly Erlykin
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2001
Our Galaxy is filled with a relativistic gas of high-energy protons, electrons, and heavy nuclei. The interstellar energy density of these cosmic rays is ~1 eV cm-3 — comparable to the energy density of the galactic magnetic field and of the thermal energy of the interstellar medium — with an energy spectra that extends to a maximum energy above 1020 ...
Frank B. McDonald, Vladimir S. Ptuskin
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Our Galaxy is filled with a relativistic gas of high-energy protons, electrons, and heavy nuclei. The interstellar energy density of these cosmic rays is ~1 eV cm-3 — comparable to the energy density of the galactic magnetic field and of the thermal energy of the interstellar medium — with an energy spectra that extends to a maximum energy above 1020 ...
Frank B. McDonald, Vladimir S. Ptuskin
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Advances in Space Research, 1984
The distribution and propagation of cosmic rays in the Galaxy provides the information on acceleration sites. The spatial distribution is revealed by gamma-ray data, and the path-length distribution is derived from the composition. The radial distribution of cosmic rays is relevant to the important questions about the size of the contributions of ...
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The distribution and propagation of cosmic rays in the Galaxy provides the information on acceleration sites. The spatial distribution is revealed by gamma-ray data, and the path-length distribution is derived from the composition. The radial distribution of cosmic rays is relevant to the important questions about the size of the contributions of ...
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Journal of Geophysical Research, 1966
The production and equilibrium spectra of secondary electrons (negatrons and positrons) resulting from cosmic-ray interactions in the galaxy are calculated. These electrons arise from the decay of secondary pions and neutrons produced by nuclear interactions of cosmic-ray protons and alpha particles with the interstellar gas.
R. Ramaty, R. E. Lingenfelter
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The production and equilibrium spectra of secondary electrons (negatrons and positrons) resulting from cosmic-ray interactions in the galaxy are calculated. These electrons arise from the decay of secondary pions and neutrons produced by nuclear interactions of cosmic-ray protons and alpha particles with the interstellar gas.
R. Ramaty, R. E. Lingenfelter
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Cosmic Rays and Galactic Winds
Astrophysics and Space Science, 2004Repeated SN-explosion provide large amounts of thermal energy as well as energetic particles through a 1. order Fermi-process. Both effects together with the generation of AlfveŽn-waves are considered to drive a large scale outflow from a galaxy. These so-called galactic winds transport stellar material enriched by heavy elements into the intergalactic
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2000
In the early years of the twentieth century, many scientists were baffled by observations of a slow leakage of electric charge from well insulated bodies. With the discovery of the radioactivity of uranium and radium, it was found that while a part of the loss of charge could be due to ionization by radiation from these substances, it was clear that a ...
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In the early years of the twentieth century, many scientists were baffled by observations of a slow leakage of electric charge from well insulated bodies. With the discovery of the radioactivity of uranium and radium, it was found that while a part of the loss of charge could be due to ionization by radiation from these substances, it was clear that a ...
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The Astrophysics of Galactic Cosmic Rays
Space Science Reviews, 2001Observations of cosmic rays and their related radio to gamma-ray signatures are surveyed and discussed critically, and compared to theoretical models of the cosmic-ray origin and propagation. The analogous heliospheric processes are included as a well-studied case of the principal physical processes of energetic particle acceleration and propagation ...
Diehl, R. +3 more
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2002
We have shown in Chap. 16 that the acceleration of galactic cosmic rays below a few 1015 eV/nucl. with power law momentum spectra can be well explained by diffusive shock wave acceleration near galactic supernova remnants, which also, by the overall power requirements (see Chap. 7), are the most probable sources of galactic cosmic rays. Here we address
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We have shown in Chap. 16 that the acceleration of galactic cosmic rays below a few 1015 eV/nucl. with power law momentum spectra can be well explained by diffusive shock wave acceleration near galactic supernova remnants, which also, by the overall power requirements (see Chap. 7), are the most probable sources of galactic cosmic rays. Here we address
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Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, 1998
The arrival direction distribution of the highest-energy cosmic rays with respect to Galactic latitude has been analysed using both the Yakutsk and the available world data from extensive air shower arrays. A north-south asymmetry is indicated in the distribution observed with the Yakutsk array at in the outer Galaxy direction.
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The arrival direction distribution of the highest-energy cosmic rays with respect to Galactic latitude has been analysed using both the Yakutsk and the available world data from extensive air shower arrays. A north-south asymmetry is indicated in the distribution observed with the Yakutsk array at in the outer Galaxy direction.
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