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Materials Science Forum, 2014
Recently significant successes have been achieved in the field of grain refinement by means of such additives as the titanium, zirconium, scandium, AlTiB and AlTiC. However, introduction of grain refining additives results to a number of negative effects. These effects can be divided into four basic groups: 1.
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Recently significant successes have been achieved in the field of grain refinement by means of such additives as the titanium, zirconium, scandium, AlTiB and AlTiC. However, introduction of grain refining additives results to a number of negative effects. These effects can be divided into four basic groups: 1.
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Grain refinement of magnesium alloys
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2005The literature on grain refinement of magnesium alloys is reviewed with regard to two broad groups of alloys: alloys that contain aluminum and alloys that do not contain aluminum. The alloys that are free of aluminum are generally very well refined by Zr master alloys.
St. John, David H. +4 more
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Nucleation and Grain Refinement
Materials Science Forum, 2010The nucleation dynamics and grain refinement during solidification are reviewed. Control of the nucleation of phases is an essential step in the manufacture of optimized materials. Development of inoculants is still based on trial-and-error. Using aluminium as an example, it is shown that there is much room for significant improvements.
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JOM, 1963
The possible advantages and mechanisms of obtaining grain refinement in carbon, low-, and high-alloy steels are reviewed. The role of vibration and the addition of materials to provide heterogeneous nuclei formation and grain growth inhibition are discussed. The effect of composition on the solidification of steels is described.
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The possible advantages and mechanisms of obtaining grain refinement in carbon, low-, and high-alloy steels are reviewed. The role of vibration and the addition of materials to provide heterogeneous nuclei formation and grain growth inhibition are discussed. The effect of composition on the solidification of steels is described.
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Whole Grains, Refined Grains, and Gluten
2018What are cereal grains and “pseudograins”? Grains like wheat, corn, oats, and rice are cereal grasses, the fruit or seed of the grass family; many grains are thus referred to as “cereals.” Some plants from the broadleaf family, like amaranth, buckwheat, and quinoa, are...
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Optimisation of Grain Refinement
2016Considerable progress has been made in recent years with the optimisation of grain refinement practice. In the past this could only be done by trial and error which is time consuming and far from ideal. More recently it has been possible to study and quantify the various factors affecting grain refinement including melt nucleation level, growth ...
Rein Vainik +2 more
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Grain Refinement in Undercooled Metals
MRS Proceedings, 1997ABSTRACTRecently, it was demonstrated that grain refinement in metals can take place through two mechanisms, namely, dynamic nucleation and remelting of initially formed dendrites. In this study, it was found that Ni99.45B0.55 undergoes grain refinement, both by dynamic nucleation or by remelting, depending on the initial bulk undercooling just before ...
J. Z. Xiao, H. Yang, H. W. Kui
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Grain refinement of steel castings
JOM, 1967Titanium inoculation has been shown to be capable of refining the as cast structure of AISI 4335 steel. This refinement consists of changing axed grains and reducing the spacing of the secondary dendrite arms. the structure from columnar to equi-When this steel is heat treated to high strength levels (250,000 psi tensile strength) by conventional ...
Peter F. Wieser +2 more
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Grain Refining of Pure Aluminum
2012Grain refiners are currently used in casting aluminum alloys to reduce the grain size and to produce equiaxed grains during solidification of the alloys. Using inoculants to refine grains makes alloys castable but produces several disadvantages, including particle agglomerates, local defects, and impurities.
L. Han +6 more
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Grain refinement in electrogalvanized coatings
Materials Characterization, 2003Abstract The effects of grain-refining additives on the morphology and surface roughness of zinc deposits plated at 80 A/dm 2 is presented. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images show zinc deposits plated without additives are rough and are not of commercial quality.
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