Results 301 to 310 of about 128,560 (335)
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Whole grains, refined grains and fortified refined grains: What’s the difference?
Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2000Dietary guidance universally supports the importance of grains in the diet. The United States Department of Agriculture pyramid suggests that Americans consume from six to 11 servings of grains per day, with three of these servings being whole grain products. Whole grain contains the bran, germ and endosperm, while refined grain includes only endosperm.
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Grain refinement in undercooled nickel
Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia, 1995In this paper, the microstructures of undercooled Ni that solidified at various initial bulk undercoolings are examined in detail in order to understand the mechanism of grain refinement in metallic systems. Molten Ni contracts on solidification. In the experiment, since it was covered by molten glass flux, upon crystallization cavities had to form to ...
C.P. Chiu, H.W. Kui, K.K. Leung
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Grain refinement of magnesium alloys
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2005The literature on grain refinement of magnesium alloys is reviewed with regard to two broad groups of alloys: alloys that contain aluminum and alloys that do not contain aluminum. The alloys that are free of aluminum are generally very well refined by Zr master alloys.
St. John, David H. +4 more
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Grain refinement of aluminium by TiC
Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia, 1994Grain refinement of aluminium by TiC nuclei was postulated as far back as 1950 by Cibula. This so called carbide' theory suggests that the nominal addition of Al-Ti master alloy promotes spontaneous formation of TiC by reaction with the residual carbon in the melt.
P.S. Mohanty, J.E. Gruzleski
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Optimisation of Grain Refinement
2016Considerable progress has been made in recent years with the optimisation of grain refinement practice. In the past this could only be done by trial and error which is time consuming and far from ideal. More recently it has been possible to study and quantify the various factors affecting grain refinement including melt nucleation level, growth ...
Rein Vainik +2 more
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Mechanism of grain refinement in aluminium
Acta Metallurgica et Materialia, 1995Despite the commercial importance of grain refinement and the volume of scientific studies on this topic, its mechanism is still unclear. There are several theories as to how and why commercial grain refiners (Al-Ti and Al-Ti-B) work, but careful analysis shows that no clear consensus has yet emerged. In the present study, the commercial grain refining
J.E. Gruzleski, P.S. Mohanty
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Nucleation and Grain Refinement
Materials Science Forum, 2010The nucleation dynamics and grain refinement during solidification are reviewed. Control of the nucleation of phases is an essential step in the manufacture of optimized materials. Development of inoculants is still based on trial-and-error. Using aluminium as an example, it is shown that there is much room for significant improvements.
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Solidification and grain refinement in Ti45Al2Mn2Nb1B
Intermetallics, 2012Abstract The solidification process of Ti45Al2Mn2Nb1B (Ti4522-1B) was studied together with the baseline alloy Ti45Al2Mn2Nb (Ti4522) through directional solidification. Boron addition at 1 at% was found to have a strong limiting effect on beta dendrite growth, resulting much finer beta dendrites than in the boron-free alloy.
U. Hecht +4 more
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Materials Science Forum, 2014
Recently significant successes have been achieved in the field of grain refinement by means of such additives as the titanium, zirconium, scandium, AlTiB and AlTiC. However, introduction of grain refining additives results to a number of negative effects. These effects can be divided into four basic groups: 1.
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Recently significant successes have been achieved in the field of grain refinement by means of such additives as the titanium, zirconium, scandium, AlTiB and AlTiC. However, introduction of grain refining additives results to a number of negative effects. These effects can be divided into four basic groups: 1.
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3DXRD: Grain Maps, Grain Dynamics and Grain Refinements
Crystallography Reviews, 2004The three-dimensional X-ray diffraction (3DXRD) method is reviewed. The method is based on the use of high-energy X-rays from synchrotron sources and a ‘tomographic’ approach to diffraction. With 3DXRD the structure of the embedded grains within polycrystals or powders can be characterised non-destructively within millimetre to centimetre size ...
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