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Gram Staining [PDF]

open access: possibleCurrent Protocols in Microbiology, 1997
AbstractNamed after Hans Christian Gram who developed the method in 1884, the Gram stain allows one to distinguish between Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria on the basis of differential staining with a crystal violet‐iodine complex and a safranin counterstain.
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Biofilm patterns in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria

Microbiological Research, 2021
The Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are attributable to matrix-enclosed aggregates known as biofilms. Biofilms are root cause of industrial biofouling and characterized by antimicrobial resistance during infections. Many biofilm studies examine specific Gram type cultures, whereas nearly all biofilm communities in nature comprise both Gram ...
Rohit Ruhal, Rashmi Kataria
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On the Gram Matrix

Canadian Mathematical Bulletin, 1962
The material sketched here is mostly well known and concerns the geometrical inter-relations of vectors in a Hilbert (that is, complete inner product) space. The discussion and references are (obviously) not exhaustive but I hope the reader will find here some interesting problems.We shall permit the scalars to be real, complex or quaternionic numbers.
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Differing outcomes of gram-positive and gram-negative peritonitis

American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 1998
Peritonitis remains the leading cause of patient dropout from continuous peritoneal dialysis (CPD) therapy. Few studies have compared patient morbidity, mortality, and outcome for patients undergoing CPD who develop gram-positive and gram-negative peritonitis. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients who developed either gram-positive or gram-
Nancy Gorban-Brennan   +3 more
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Gram-Negative Folliculitis

1975
Die Gram-negative Follikulitis (eigentlich sollte es heisen: Follikulitis durch Gram-negative Keime, aber der Terminus hat sich so eingeburgert, das wir ihn belassen wollen) wurde erstmals 1968 bei einer Gruppe Patienten mit langjahriger therapierefraktarer Acne vulgaris beschrieben.
Albert M. Kligman, Gerd Plewig
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Impermeability to quinolones in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 1991
The initial step in the accumulation of fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents is binding to cell surface components reduced by lowered pH and divalent cations. Uptake into gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria is by simple diffusion. Entry through the outer membrane occurs preferentially for most agents by the porin route but a second process using ...
L. E. Bryan, J. Bedard
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Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial extracellular vesicles

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology, 2015
Like mammalian cells, Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria release nano-sized membrane vesicles into the extracellular environment either in a constitutive manner or in a regulated manner. These bacterial extracellular vesicles are spherical bilayered proteolipids enriched with bioactive proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and virulence factors ...
Kim, JH, Lee, J, PARK, JAE SUNG, Gho, YS
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The absorption of proflavine by gram-positiveand gram-negative organisms

Experimental Cell Research, 1954
Summary The absorption of proflavine by saline suspensions of two Gram-positiveand two Gram-negative organisms has been measured at pH 7 and 37°C. The absorption per unit dry weight of the organisms decreases in the order ( Cl. welchii )>( Str. faecalis, Bact. lactis aerogenes )>( Bact. coli ), although the differences are not striking. There appears
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Gram-negative endocarditis

Current Infectious Disease Reports, 2008
Aerobic gram-negative bacilli are rare causes of endocarditis. The epidemiology and risk factors for developing gram-negative endocarditis are evolving. New pathogens, some of which are multidrug resistant, are emerging. The role of nosocomial infections, particularly central venous catheter infections, is increasing.
Milagros P. Reyes, Katherine Reyes
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Grams of Force

Archives of Ophthalmology, 1991
To the Editor. —I compliment Britt et al 1 for their excellent photographs and interpretation of the clinical significance of microaerosol formation. In their "Comment" section, I counted five instances in which they used the phrase "g of force." The authors may recall that gram is a unit of mass, not of force. 2 Force is measured in dynes (g·cm·s -2 )
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