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An Introduction to Competing Risks in Epidemiology [Letter]. [PDF]
Clin EpidemiolMuñoz A, Ng DK.
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On the interpretation of the hazard ratio in Cox regression
Biometrical Journal, 2019AbstractWe argue that the term “relative risk” should not be used as a synonym for “hazard ratio” and encourage to use the probabilistic index as an alternative effect measure for Cox regression. The probabilistic index is the probability that the event time of an exposed or treated subject exceeds the event time of an unexposed or untreated subject ...
Jan De Neve, Thomas A. Gerds
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Estimation of the Average Hazard Ratio
Biometrika, 1981SUMMARY Simple estimators of the average hazard ratio are obtained for the two sample problem with censored failure time data. These estimators are compared with estimators arising out of the partial likelihood within the proportional hazards class. Efficiency results are found to be generally quite favourable provided the hazard ratio is not too large.
Kalbfleisch, John D., Prentice, Ross L.
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An explanation of the hazard ratio
Pharmaceutical Statistics, 2004Several months ago someone attended a course for non-statisticians that I was running and said, ‘If I can go away from this course understanding what a hazard ratio is then it will have been worthwhile!’ Well, here goes. The hazard ratio, like the odds ratio, is not only difficult to explain but its use and interpretation continue to confuse both ...
R. Kay
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BMJ, 2015
The impact of isoniazid prophylaxis on mortality and tuberculosis in children with HIV was investigated using a double blind placebo controlled trial. The intervention was isoniazid given with co-trimoxazole either daily or three times a week. Control treatment was placebo isoniazid given with co-trimoxazole.
Philip, Sedgwick, Katherine, Joekes
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The impact of isoniazid prophylaxis on mortality and tuberculosis in children with HIV was investigated using a double blind placebo controlled trial. The intervention was isoniazid given with co-trimoxazole either daily or three times a week. Control treatment was placebo isoniazid given with co-trimoxazole.
Philip, Sedgwick, Katherine, Joekes
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BMJ, 2012
Researchers investigated the risk of colorectal cancer after screening with flexible sigmoidoscopy. A randomised controlled study was undertaken in Norway with a population based sample. The intervention consisted of once only flexible sigmoidoscopy screening with or without a single round of faecal occult blood testing.
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Researchers investigated the risk of colorectal cancer after screening with flexible sigmoidoscopy. A randomised controlled study was undertaken in Norway with a population based sample. The intervention consisted of once only flexible sigmoidoscopy screening with or without a single round of faecal occult blood testing.
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Bayesian analysis for monotone hazard ratio
Lifetime Data Analysis, 2010We propose a Bayesian approach for estimating the hazard functions under the constraint of a monotone hazard ratio. We construct a model for the monotone hazard ratio utilizing the Cox's proportional hazards model with a monotone time-dependent coefficient.
Kim, Yongdai +2 more
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BMJ, 2011
Researchers investigated the extent to which referral from primary care for defined symptoms of hip pain varied by age, sex, and social deprivation in the United Kingdom. A cohort study design was used. Data for individual patients registered at 326 general practices between 2001 and 2007 were extracted from the health improvement network database in ...
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Researchers investigated the extent to which referral from primary care for defined symptoms of hip pain varied by age, sex, and social deprivation in the United Kingdom. A cohort study design was used. Data for individual patients registered at 326 general practices between 2001 and 2007 were extracted from the health improvement network database in ...
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Hazards of Hazard Ratios — Deviations from Model Assumptions in Immunotherapy
New England Journal of Medicine, 2018Look Beyond Hazard Ratios Many trials are based on the proportional-hazards assumption that an event is equally likely in different treatment groups over time and deviations are related to the intervention. Full Kaplan–Meier estimates from earlier trials may be more informative than summary statistics.
Brian M. Alexander +2 more
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